Psych 4.1 Flashcards

Which category includes drug-related physiologic effects?

A. Pharmacologic symptoms

B. Impaired social use

C. Risky situations

D. Behavioral dependence

Substance-related problems involving work or relationships represent what?

A. Pharmacologic symptoms

B. Risky substance use

C. Social-domain impairment

D. Physical dependence

Driving while intoxicated represents which symptom category?

A. Impaired use

B. Social impairment

C. Pharmacologic symptoms

D. Risky or hazardous use

A patient spends much of each day obtaining drugs. What type of dependence is emphasized?

A. Behavioral dependence

B. Physical dependence

C. Psychological withdrawal

D. Pharmacologic tolerance

Behavioral dependence primarily emphasizes what activity?

A. Withdrawal symptoms

B. Substance-seeking activities

C. Physiologic adaptation

D. Memory impairment

Physical dependence reflects what consequence of repeated substance use?

A. Substance-seeking behavior

B. Social isolation

C. Physiologic effects

D. Psychological craving only

What term refers to psychological dependence?

A. Intoxication

B. Withdrawal

C. Tolerance

D. Habituation

Which DSM-5 category reflects prolonged substance use and abuse?

A. Substance intoxication

B. Substance use disorder

C. Substance withdrawal

D. Amnesic syndrome

Which DSM-5 category describes effects occurring during substance exposure?

A. Substance withdrawal

B. Substance use disorder

C. Substance intoxication

D. Sustained remission

Which DSM-5 category describes symptoms after stopping a substance?

A. Early remission

B. Intoxication

C. Substance use disorder

D. Substance withdrawal

Substance use disorder symptoms are assessed over what interval?

A. 12 months

B. 3 months

C. 6 months

D. 24 months

Chronic memory loss caused by substance use is called what?

A. Delirium syndrome

B. Amnesic syndrome

C. Withdrawal syndrome

D. Intoxication syndrome

Early remission requires absence of symptoms for what duration?

A. Under 1 month

B. 1–3 months

C. Over 12 months

D. 3–12 months

Sustained remission requires no symptoms for how long?

A. More than 6 months

B. More than 12 months

C. Exactly 12 months

D. Three to twelve months

I am intoxicated with _______

Pinpoint pupils (miosis), respiratory depression, CNS depression; slow breathing, drowsiness, decreased bowel sounds

I am intoxicated with _______

Restlessness, insomnia, tremor, tachycardia, anxiety, increased urination

I am intoxicated with ______

Red eyes, increased appetite, dry mouth, impaired coordination, slowed reaction time, euphoria, altered time perception

I am intoxicated with ______

Nausea/vomiting, dizziness, sweating, tachycardia, hypertension; high doses can cause weakness/confusion

I am intoxicated with ______

Chemical odor on breath/clothes, paint stains around mouth/nose, dizziness, slurred speech, nystagmus, poor coordination

I am intoxicated with ______

Hallucinations + perceptual distortions, dilated pupils, tachycardia, sweating, tremor; can cause panic/paranoia

I am intoxicated with ______

Slurred speech, ataxia, nystagmus, disinhibition, impaired judgment, decreased attention; severe → respiratory/CNS depression

What does psychiatric comorbidity mean?

A. One disorder recurring repeatedly

B. Substance use causing withdrawal

C. Two or more simultaneous disorders

D. Multiple substances used together

Up to what percentage of addicts have a comorbid psychiatric disorder?

A. 10%

B. 25%

C. 35%

D. 50%

Which personality disorder is especially common with substance abuse?

A. Borderline personality disorder

B. Antisocial personality disorder

C. Avoidant personality disorder

D. Dependent personality disorder

Stimulant withdrawal requires dysphoric mood plus how many symptoms?

A. More than two

B. More than one

C. More than three

D. More than four

Which mood feature is specifically required for stimulant withdrawal?

A. Elevated mood

B. Dysphoric mood

C. Irritable mood

D. Euphoric mood

These are withdrawal symptoms for _______:

Dilated pupils (mydriasis), piloerection, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, muscle aches

These are withdrawal symptoms for _______:

fatigue, sleepiness, irritability, poor concentration

These are withdrawal symptoms for _______:

Irritability + insomnia + decreased appetite, anxiety, restlessness; can have strange/vivid dreams

These are withdrawal symptoms for _______:

Strong nicotine craving, irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, increased appetite/weight gain

Approximately what percentage of people with opioid abuse or dependence develop lifetime major depressive disorder?

A. 10–20%

B. 20–25%

C. 33–40%

D. 50–60%

Approximately what percentage of people with alcohol abuse or dependence develop lifetime major depressive disorder?

A. 15%

B. 25%

C. 30%

D. 40%

Compared with the general population, people who abuse substances have what suicide risk?

A. 20% higher risk

B. 5% higher risk

C. Equal suicide risk

D. 50% lower risk

Approximately what percentage of people with alcohol abuse or dependence die by suicide?

A. 5%

B. 15%

C. 25%

D. 40%

In substance-use treatment, what is the main goal of detoxification?

A. Prevent all future relapse

B. Establish lifelong abstinence

C. Control acute withdrawal

D. Provide vocational counseling

Detoxification also addresses consequences of what?

A. Recent drug use

B. Childhood trauma

C. Long-term unemployment

D. Family conflict

In substance-use treatment, what is the main goal of rehabilitation?

A. Treat acute intoxication

B. Control immediate withdrawal

C. Reverse drug metabolism

D. Promote long-term behavioral change

Which treatment phase focuses on longer-term behavior change after detoxification?

A. Intoxication management

B. Rehabilitation

C. Withdrawal prevention

D. Acute stabilization

A patient does not believe substance use is a problem and has no plans to change. Which stage is this?

A. Precontemplation

B. Contemplation

C. Preparation

D. Action

A patient recognizes substance use is a problem and is considering change. Which stage is this?

A. Action

B. Contemplation

C. Maintenance

D. Preparation

A patient intends to stop substance use and begins making a concrete plan. Which stage is this?

A. Maintenance

B. Action

C. Preparation

D. Precontemplation

A patient has recently begun actively changing substance-use behavior. Which stage is this?

A. Preparation

B. Maintenance

C. Contemplation

D. Action

A patient has successfully changed substance-use behavior and is working to sustain it. Which stage is this?

A. Maintenance

B. Preparation

C. Action

D. Contemplation

Which sequence correctly orders the stages of behavioral change?

A. Action, preparation, maintenance, contemplation

B. Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action

C. Contemplation, action, preparation, maintenance

D. Preparation, contemplation, action, maintenance

Patients dependent on cocaine or heroin generally need treatment lasting at least how long?

A. Two weeks

B. One month

C. Three months

D. One year

Which sex has a higher rate of substance abuse?

Which group has the highest lifetime rate of substance abuse?

A. Asian Americans

B. Black Americans

C. American Indian

D. White Americans

According to the provided material, which group has more substance abuse than Black Americans?

A. White Americans

B. Asian Americans

C. Hispanic Americans

Alcohol abuse has an inherited component associated with genes affecting production of which neurotransmitter?

A. Serotonin

B. Dopamine

C. Acetylcholine

D. Histamine

Which neurotransmitter system is strongly involved in substance use disorders?

A. Opioid system

B. Histamine system

C. Cholinergic system

Which catecholamine is especially important in substance use disorders?

A. Epinephrine

B. Norepinephrine

C. Dopamine

D. Histamine

Which inhibitory neurotransmitter is involved in substance use disorders?

A. Acetylcholine

B. GABA

C. Serotonin

D. Glutamate

Which brain region contains dopaminergic neurons especially important in addiction?

A. Locus ceruleus

B. Hippocampus

C. Ventral tegmental area

D. Medulla

Dopaminergic neurons from the VTA project especially to which reward-related structure?

A. Nucleus accumbens

B. Caudate nucleus

C. Substantia nigra

The VTA dopamine pathway projects broadly to which regions?

A. Cerebellar and spinal

B. Cortical and limbic

C. Medullary and pontine

D. Thalamic and retinal

Which substances are especially associated with the VTA–nucleus accumbens pathway?

A. Alcohol and nicotine

B. Opioids and sedatives

C. Amphetamine and cocaine

D. Cannabis and caffeine

What is the locus ceruleus best known for containing?

A. Largest adrenergic neuron group

B. Largest dopaminergic neuron group

C. Largest cholinergic neuron group

D. Largest serotonergic neuron group

The locus ceruleus is particularly involved in the effects of which substances?

A. Amphetamines and cocaine

B. Opiates and opioids

C. Cannabis and caffeine

D. Alcohol and nicotine

What does alexithymia specifically refer to?

A. Inability to feel emotions

B. Inability to describe feelings

C. Inability to recognize faces

D. Inability to recall memories