Midterm Exam (Weeks 1-6 Overview Quiz) Flashcards

occipital lobe

cerebellum

major relay station for most sensory information traveling to the cerebral cortex

..

..

Assign the characteristics to the following categories

Efferent

Afferent

confined to the surface

Farther from the point of attachment or origin of an appendicular structure

below or closer to the ground

related to the side

This term means "bending at a joint

on one's back

Another word for somatic is

volitional

primary

secondary

, Not Selected

automatic

..

In order from inferior to superior, the three subsystems of speech production are:

Incorrect answer:

• articulation/resonance

respiration

phonation

• respiration

phonation

articulation/resonance

• phonation

respiration

articulation/resonance

• respiration

phonation

articulation/resonance

Given the diagram below, which of the following organs/effectors are innervated when additional branches from the ventral nerve root continue through the chain and on to one of the collateral ganglia?

the sublingual gland

the heart

the stomach

the larynx

The clavicle (commonly known as your collarbone) belongs to which division of the skeleton?

axial,

appendicular,

vertebral

cranial

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced primarily by the:Central canal,

Central canal

Choroid plexus,

Median aperture,

Lateral apertures

An SLP is evaluating a patient who coughs while drinking thin liquids after a stroke. The clinician wants to visualize all phases of swallowing in real time using X-ray imaging. Which procedure would be MOST appropriate?

PET,

CT

Videofluoroscopy

MRI,

Ultrasonography,

Laryngoscopy

Which functional division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for voluntary skeletal muscle movement?

Autonomic nervous system ,

Somatic nervous system ,

Cerebral cortex

Thalamus

A collection of neuron cell bodies located in the Peripheral Nervous System is called

Ganglion

Myelin,

Nucleus,

White matter

The cerebral cortex is composed primarily of which type of nervous tissue?

White matter,

Gray matter

Gray and white matter equally,

None of these

A patient has a neurological disorder that damages both the cells responsible for transmitting electrical impulses and the cells that support and protect those signaling cells. Which two cell types are primarily affected?

Cranial and spinal cells

, central and peripheral cells,

:Neurons and glial cells

Epithelial cells and muscle cells

Which division of the nervous system includes all nervous tissue outside the brain and spinal cord?

Central nervous system,

nervous system,

Respiratory system,

:Peripheral nervous system

An SLP lightly touches a patient's lips during a cranial nerve examination. The sensory information traveling from the lips to the brain is carried by afferent pathways.

True

False

Which structure selectively allows nutrients such as glucose and amino acids to enter nervous tissue while restricting many potentially harmful substances?

Amino acids,

Circle of Willis,

:Myelin sheath

Blood-brain barrier

Which glial cells primarily provide general support to neurons in the CNS and PNS, respectively?

Astrocytes and satellite cells

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

Microglia and ependymal cells,

Neurons and astrocytes

A clinician is interested in how the vocal folds vibrate during speech rather than where they are located. Which field is being studied?

physiology,

dissection,

anatomy

endocrinology

Which plane divides the body into left and right portions?

Sagittal

Coronal,

Transverse,

Oblique

Which movement bends a joint?

Flexion,

Extension,

Abduction,

Rotation

Which three subsystems are required for normal speech production?

Hearing, cognition, and articulation/resonance

,Respiration, phonation, and articulation/resonance

Respiration, hearing, and swallowing,

Phonation/resonance, hearing, and cognition

After deciding to tell a friend about her vacation, a speaker chooses the appropriate words and sentence structure. Which level of communication is primarily involved?

Cognitive,

Linguistic

Acoustic,

Physiological

Which of the following is NOT one of the four levels involved in verbal communication?

Cognitive,

Linguistic,

Physiological

Emotional

An SLP is working with a patient recovering from a stroke. Which tissue type was directly damaged, leading to impaired communication between the brain and the muscles used for speech?

epithelial

nervous

connective,

muscular,

A client is asked to repeat the sentence, "Today is a beautiful day." Producing the spoken response is considered part of:

Receptive language,

:Expressive language

Sensory reception

Auditory processing

Pain from a ruptured spleen is often felt in the left shoulder because irritation of the __________ is interpreted as pain from the shoulder.

vagus nerve

Diaphragm via the phrenic nerve

stomach via the splanchnic nerves,

Brachial plexus

Which statement best distinguishes a neurotransmitter from a hormone?

Neurotransmitters are produced only in the brain, whereas hormones are produced only in glands.,

Neurotransmitters are released at synapses, whereas hormones are released into the bloodstream.

Hormones act more quickly than neurotransmitters.,

Neurotransmitters can only affect skeletal muscle

Which structure releases epinephrine (adrenaline) directly into the bloodstream during a sympathetic response?

Superior cervical ganglion

Adrenal medulla

Adrenal medulla,

Hypothalamus

Which neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system?

Acetylcholine

Norepinephrine,

Epinephrine,

Dopamine

In the parasympathetic nervous system, which fibers are longer?

Preganglionic fibers

Postganglionic fibers

Which term refers to maintaining a stable internal environment despite changes inside or outside the body?

Rest and digest

Homeostasis

Sympathetic activity,

Parasympathetic activity,

A medication blocks the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons. Which effect would MOST likely occur?

Increased heart rate,

Reduced fight-or-flight responses,

Increased sweating

Pupil dilation

A neuron that extends from the CNS to an autonomic ganglion is called a:

Postganglionic neuron

Preganglionic neuron

Adrenergic neuron,

Cholinergic neuron

Which of the following is not one of the three collateral (prevertebral) ganglia that supply autonomic innervation to abdominal organs?

Celiac ganglion,

Cervical ganglia,

Superior mesenteric ganglion,

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

A patient has an injury at C6. Which spinal region is affected?

thoracic,

cervical

Lumbar,

dsacral

During a fight-or-flight response, which of the following would NOT be expected?

Pupils constrict.

Digestive activity decreases.

Sweating increases.

Glucose is released into the bloodstream.

A college student suddenly hears a fire alarm during an exam. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for the immediate increase in heart rate and alertness?

Parasympathetic division

Sympathetic division

Enteric division,

Somatic division

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is best described as:

Part of the CNS,

A system responsible only for "rest and digest" responses

A motor system that regulates involuntary body functions

Another name for the peripheral nervous system,

A patient has damage to the ventral root of a spinal nerve but an intact dorsal root. Which finding is MOST likely?

Loss of movement with preserved sensation,

Loss of sensation with normal movement

Loss of movement with preserved sensationLoss of both movement and sensation,

Difficulty understanding spoken language

A patient demonstrates tongue weakness during speech but has intact facial sensation and hearing. Which type of fibers is MOST likely impaired?

Sensory fibers only,

Motor fibers only

Mixed sensory and motor fibers,

Autonomic fibers only

Which cranial nerve completes the list of nerves most directly involved in speech, hearing, and swallowing? VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, ______

Oculomotor nerve,

Abducens nerve,

Trigeminal nerve

Trochlear nerve

Incoming auditory information is first processed in the:

Postcentral gyrus,

Precentral gyrus,

:Heschl's gyrus

Angular gyrus

Which nerves leave the spinal cord as combined sensory and motor fibers before separating into dorsal and ventral roots?

Peripheral nerves,

Cranial

Spinal nerves,

Autonomic nerves

An SLP explains to a student that some cranial nerves carry only sensory information, some carry only motor information, and others carry both. How many cranial nerves fall into each category?

3 motor, 4 mixed, 5 sensory

5 motor, 4 mixed, 3 sensory

5 motor, 3 mixed, 4 sensory

4 motor, 3 mixed, 5 sensory

The cell bodies of most sensory neurons in cranial and spinal nerves are classified as:

Unipolar,

:Bipolar

Tripolar,

Multipolar

Which imaging procedure allows direct visualization of the vocal folds?

MRI,

CT,

:Laryngoscopy

PET

In the Peripheral Nervous System, bundles of axons are called:

Ganglia

Nerves

Axons,

Electrochemical gradients

Which statement BEST describes the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

It includes only the cranial nerves.,

is another name for the enteric nervous system.,

contains the brain and spinal cord.,

It consists of all nervous tissue outside the brain and spinal cord

Why is the phrenic nerve clinically important for speech production?

It controls facial expression.,

It carries auditory information.,

:It innervates the diaphragm to provide breath support for speech.

It controls tongue movement

Following thyroid surgery, a patient presents with a hoarse voice and difficulty swallowing liquids. Damage to which cranial nerve would BEST explain these findings?

CN V,

CN VII,

CN X,

CN XI

CN X

A patient demonstrates reduced tongue strength and limited tongue movement during speech. Which cranial nerve should the SLP suspect is impaired?

CN VII,

Not SelectedIncorrect answer:

CN VIII

CN XII

CN X,

Which connective tissue layer surrounds an individual nerve fascicle and helps organize groups of axons within a peripheral nerve?

Epineurium:

Perineurium,

Endoneurium,

Ganglion

During an oral mechanism examination, an SLP asks a patient to smile, pucker, and stick out their tongue. These tasks primarily assess which type(s) of neural pathways?

Afferent,

Efferent,

Sensory

EfferentInhibitory

A patient speaks fluently and understands spoken language but struggles to repeat phrases accurately. Which structure is MOST likely damaged?

Cerebellum,

Hippocampus,

:Arcuate fasciculus

Occipital lobe

A patient hears a telephone ringing but cannot recognize what the sound represents. Which statement BEST describes this deficit?

Sensation is impaired, but perception is intact.

Sensation is intact, but perception is impaired.

Both sensation and perception are impaired.

The autonomic nervous system is impaired

A patient has normal muscle strength but demonstrates slow movement initiation and reduced automatic movements. Which structure is MOST likely impaired?

Corpus callosum,

Occipital lobe,

Basal ganglia,

Hippocampus

A cut is described as superficial. What does this mean?

It is near the body's surface.

It is deep within tissue.,

It is toward the midline.,

is toward the head

A person hears a familiar voice but cannot identify who is speaking. This problem is best classified as a deficit in

Sensation,

:Perception

Sympathetic response,

Parasympathetic response

A patient hears spoken words clearly but cannot comprehend their meaning. Which brain area is MOST likely affected?

Wernicke's area

Heschl's gyrus,

Broca's area,

Thalamus

A patient speaks in short, effortful phrases but follows spoken directions accurately. Damage to which brain region BEST explains this pattern?

Wernicke's area,

Heschl's gyrus,

Broca's area,

Thalamus

The term efferent describes pathways that primarily carry:

Sensory information toward the CNS,

Motor commands away from the CNS

Blood to nervous tissue,

Cerebrospinal fluid

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for planning and initiating voluntary movement?

Thalamus

Cerebral cortex

Brainstem,

Spinal cord

The cerebellum is primarily responsible for regulating body temperature and hunger, although it also contributes to balance and coordination.

True,

False

An SLP evaluating a patient after a right-hemisphere stroke would expect motor weakness to be more prominent on the left side of the body.

True,

False

Which structure serves as the primary communication pathway between the left and right cerebral hemispheres?

Longitudinal fissure

Corpus callosum

Central sulcus,

Thalamus

A patient has a gradual narrowing of one of the major arteries supplying the brain, but blood flow to the brain remains adequate because blood is rerouted through connecting arteries. Which arterial structure makes this possible?

Carotid artery,

:Blood-brain barrier

Circle of Willis

Foramen magnum