flashcards Flashcards

Seen in Graves disease (hyperthyroidism). Bilateral involvement indicates systemic problem. Unilateral involvement indicates tumor.

Lid turned outward. Most commonly seen in the elderly.

Lid turned inward. Most commonly seen in the elderly.

Drooping of the eyelid. Seen with conditions such as Horner’s syndrome (ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis on the same side as interruption to the cervical sympathetic trunk), CN 3 paralysis, and Myasthenia Gravis.

Inflammation of the eyelid, especially near the eyelashes. Most commonly seen in staphylococcal infection.

An infection of the sebaceous glands causing a pimple or boil on the eyelid.

An infection of the meibomian gland causing a nodule which points inside the lid.

Affects the veins more than arteries and presents with microaneurysms, hard exudates, and neovascularization.

Damage to the retinal vessels/background will show these signs: copper wire and silver wire arteries, A-V nicking, flame hemorrhages, and cotton wool exudates.

Increased intraocular pressure causing cupping of the optic disc (cup to disc ratio is >1:2). Patient will notice blurring of vision especially in the periphery as well as halos around lights.

Opacity of the lens that is commonly seen with diabetes and in the elderly. Also has an absent red light reflex.

Most common reason for blindness in the elderly. Central vision lost, macular drusen is an early sign (yellow deposits under the retina).

Dilated pupil with ptosis and lateral deviation. Doesn’t react to light or accommodation. Multiple Sclerosis.

Bilateral small and irregular pupils that accommodate but do not react to light. Seen with syphilis.

Sluggish pupillary reaction to light that is unilateral and caused by a parasympathetic lesion of CN 3.

Unequal pupil size.

Pinpoint pupils due to severe brain damage, pilocarpine, or narcotic use.

Dilated and fixed pupils seen with brain injury, coma, or atropine