cardiovascular system
transport blood, oxygen, nutrients, and waste via the heart and blood vessels
heart
a muscular organ in the middle of the chest, center of the cardiovascular system, control flow of blood around the body
atria
upper chambers of the heart (A points upwards)
ventricles
lower chambers of the heart (V points downwards)
valves
stop backward flow of blood in the heart
tricuspid valve
right atrium to right ventricle in the heart
mitral valve
left atrium to left ventricle in the heart
pulmonary valve
right ventricle to pulmonary arteries in the heart
aortic valve
left ventricle to aorta in the heart
arteries
carry blood AWAY from the heart
pulmonary arteries
right ventricle to left and right lungs in the heart
aorta
left ventricle to body in the heart, largest artery, has brachiocephalic artery branches from its arch
veins
carry blood TO the heart
superior / inferior vena cava
body to right atrium of heart
pulmonary veins
lungs to left atrium of heart
systemic circulation
blood pumped around the body
pulmonary circulation
blood pumped around heart, oxygenates blood to send back out to body
What happens to deoxygenated blood?
superior/inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium goes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle goes through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries to the right and left lungs
What happens to oxygenated blood?
the blood becomes oxygenated in the capillary beds of the lungs goes through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium goes through the mitral valve to the left ventricle goes through the aortic valve to the aorta with brachiocephalic artery branches leading out to the body
apex
the bottom part of the heart
coronary arteries
blood vessels that supply oxygen to the heart
auricles
atrium extensions that look like ears
chordae tendinae
fibrous chords that connect to tricuspid and mitrial valves and papillary muscles, allow to open and close
papillary muscles
attached to chordae tendinae in ventricles and the cusps of tricuspid and mitral valves
left ventricle
thicker walls since pumps to the whole body
right ventricle
thinner walls since pumps to the lungs
right and left atrium
thinnest walls because only need to pump to next chamver
angina
causes chest pain because of reduced blood flow to the heart
atherosclerosis
plaque build up in artery walls
myocardial infarction
blood / O2 supply to heart reduced leads to tissue death in muscle
aortic valve stenosis (AS)
aortic valve narrows, blood flow obstructed
patent foramen ovale (PFO)
hole in heart walls from birth blood pressure
congenitive heart failure (CHF)
structural heart valve defects, heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy), abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmias), heart attack
cardiomegaly
enlarging of the heart
ventricular / atrial septal defect
hole in septum wall
subacute bacterial endocarditis
bacteria enters bloodstream, attacks valves
left ventricular hypertrophy
left ventricle walls thicken