the immune systems main job is
protects the body from pathogens, infection, abnormal cells
the lymphatic systems main job is
filters lymph, removes excess fluid, returns fluid to circulation
how do the immune and lymphatic system work together ?
lymphatic system transports/filters; immune system identifies and destroys pathogens
pathogen enters the body through
skin breaks, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract
first line of defense tries to stop it
think: where can bacteria or viruses get in?
skin, mucous membranes, tears, earwax
signs of inflammation
redness, warmth, swelling, pain
the immune system recognizes something is _______ and being to respond
foreign
think about how the body is responding:
- is this the immediate, general response that happens the same way for all pathogens?
- or is this targeted response where the body recognizes a specific antigen?
adaptive immunity
how is the body specifically responding?
- is the body producing antibodies that circulates in body fluids ?
- or is the body using cells to directly attack and destroy infected calls?
- humoral immunity (B CELLS)
- cell medicated immunity (T CELLS)
B cells think what?
antibodies
T cells , think what?
destroy infected cells
where do B cells mature
bone marrow
where do T cells mature
thymus
what type of immunity is B cells
humoral
what type of immunity is T cells ?
cell mediated
what type (active or passive) lasts the longest?
active immunity.
which type (active or passive) works immediately
passive immunity
histamine causes
vasodilation, increased permeability, swelling
leukotrienes cause
bronchoconstriction
which involves in asthma?
leukotrienes
which is involved in allergic reactions ?
histamine
why are neonates at higher risk
immature immune system
why are older adults at higher risk
decreased immune response, thinner skin, chronic illness
immunosuppression
list three causes
- chemotherapy, steroids, medications
- chronic illness
- autoimmune disease or treatment
priority in neutropenic precatuins
hand hygiene
fever helps the body by doing what?
creates a hostile environment for pathogens/ enhances immune response
why should we treat a fever
based on symptoms, patient condition, and cause (not just temp number)
antigen
foreign substance
antibody
protein that binds antigen
first line of defense
skin and mucous membranes
spleen function
filters blood and removes pathogens
thymus function
T cell maturation
a patient is receiving chemotherapy
-explain why they are at increased risk for infection and what the nurse should prioritize
- decreased white blood cells- increased infection risk
- prioritize infection prevention; hand hygiene, neutropenic precautions, monitoring