a system for studying, naming, and classifying biological organisms.
taxonomy
The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient.
Active Transport
The body's second line of defense against infection.
Adaptive Immune System
Alternate versions of a gene
alleles
Organic compounds that contain at least one amino group and a carboxyl group.
Amino Acids
A group of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that corresponds with the complementary codon of a mRNA molecule.
Anticodon
Type of asexual reproduction in which the parent cells splits into two identical daughter cells.
Binary Fission
The basic units of life and the building blocks of tissues and organs.
Cell
The six steps or links that describe how an infectious agent enters a susceptible host.
Chain of Infection
Compact, linear-shaped bodies located within the nucleus of a cell.
Chromosomes
Series of reactions occurring in the mitochondrial matrix during cellular respiration.
Citric Acid Cycle
Three-base sequence of messenger RNA.
Codon
The difference in concentrations of a substance across a membrane.
Concentration Gradient
The final phase of the cell cycle.
Cytokinesis
A double helical structure with a backbone of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.
DNA
A series of steps in cellular respiration that produces water and ATP.
Electron Transport Chain
The basic units of heredity.
Genes
The theory that infectious diseases are caused by living or nonliving microorganisms.
Germ Theory
Anaerobic breakdown of glucose.
Glycolysis
Cell organelle that packages, processes, and distributes molecules inside or outside the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
Describes a trait in an organism that contains different alleles.
Heterozygous
An organism's ability to adjust to external changes while maintaining s relatively stable internal environment.
Homeostasis
Describes a trait in an organism that contains identical alleles.
Homozygous
The body's first line of defense against infection.
Innate Immune System
Stage of the cell cycle during which cell growth and DNA synthesis occur.
Interphase
Type of cell division that takes place in the gonads (ovaries and testes) as a part of sexual reproduction.
Meiosis
Type of RNA formed from a template of DNA.
Messenger RNA
A series of linked chemical reactions.
Metabolic Pathway
An imaginary line along the middle of the cell where the chromosomes line up during metaphase.
Metaphase Plate
The phase of the cell cycle in which the parent cell's DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly between two identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
A mechanism that reduces the effects of a stimulus and returns a system back to its set point.
Negative Feedback
"Little organs" within a cell that perform specific functions.
Organelles
The movement of molecules along a concentration gradient.
Passive Transport
Process in which cells engulf other cells or food particles through the cell membrane.
Phagocytosis
Phosphate-containing fat molecules that form the bilayer of a cell membrane.
Phospholipids
Chemical process that converts light energy to synthezise carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis
A mechanism that increases the effects of an initial stimulus, pushing a system further away from its set point.
Positive Feedback
Grid used to predict genotype and phenotype of the offspring of sexual reproduction.
Punnett Square
Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
RNA
Endoplasmic reticulum
ER
Section of the endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes.
Smooth ER
Sequence of bases that terminates translation during protein synthesis.
Stop Codon
Process during protein synthesis in which the DNA molecule is used as a template to form mRNA.
Transcription
An RNA molecule involves in protein synthesis
Transfer RNA
The process by which genetic information from mRNA is used to make proteins.
Translation
They are stored for a source of fuel after carbohydrate depletion
Lipids
Does not share electrons
Ionic Bond
Number of protons
Atomic Number
Glycolysis is one of the body's chemical pathways for which of the following?
Metabolizing Gluecose
Acting as primary energy sources, structural components, and storage molecules in organisms.
Carbohydrates
Large, essential molecules (macronutrients) made of long chains of amino acids that act as the building blocks for the body's tissues, including muscles, skin, and hair.
Proteins
Different kinds of the same atom that vary in weight
Isotopes
Reacts with oxygen
Combustion
Accelerates a reaction by reducing the activation energy or the amount of energy necessary for a reaction to occur
Catalyst
An electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions
Ionic Bond
Formed when two atoms share electrons, generally in pairs, with one pair from each atom.
Covalent Bond