Intravenous
into the vein
-administration of substances (fluids) directly into the vein
parental route
bypassing GI system going straight into the bloodstream- directly into the circulatory system
functions of PN
- perform venipuncture, insert peripheral IV'S
- discontinue peripheral IV'S
- administer IV fluids
- administer and maintain TPN,PPN,lipids
MAY NOT ADMINISTER
- antineoplastic agents (cancer drugs)
- blood products
- titrated (adjusting med)
- medications
- IV push medications
peripheral
in the arms
(t/f)
able to administer saline, considered flush not push
true
legal issues with IV therapy
informed consent
-patient HAS the right to refuse
-if patient is unable to consent, legally authorized representative may consent
indications of IV therapy
- fluids and electrolytes
- maintain IV fluids, replacement of fluids and/or electrolytes
- monitor BMP
- medications
- nutrients
- blood products
advantages of IV therapy
- bioavailability is immediate
- absorption into bloodstream is complete and reliable
- large doses can be delivered at a continuous rate
- no "first pass" effect in the liver
disadvantages of IV therapy
- adverse reactions may occur
- increased risk of complications
- phlebitis (inflammation-systemic)
- air embolism(air bubbles block blood vessel)
iv therapy uses veins NOT arteries
(T/F)
true
tunica media
middle layer
-smooth muscle and elastic tissue
tunica intima
innermost layer
-continous with the endocardium
tunica adventicia (externa)
tough outer layer
metacarpal
most common IV site (back of hand)
peripheral
arms, legs, and feet
peripheral veins
upper extremities
cephalic
thumb side
basilic
bottom side of arm
antecubital veins
crack of arm
median cubital
inside of arm
Anything running on an IV line must be on an IV pump
(T/F)
true
types of solution
crystalloids
commonly used for hydration and electrolyte imbalances
ex: dextrose solutions(sugar), lactated ringers, saline solutions and plasmalyte (osmolyte)
types of solutions
colloids
volume expanders. add more volume into vessles
-ex: albumin (blood products)
-can be used to treat low BP or shock
blood and blood products
used to restore blood volume or components of blood.
packed red blood cells
acute blood loss
fresh frozen plasma
replaces coagulation factors
whole blood (when blood is donated)
restores blood volume
transfusion reactions
hemolytic
dangerous, cells Burst
ex: bleeding (urine), chest pain, back pain, chills
trasfusion reactions
febrile
N/V , fever, chills, headache, chest pain
transfusion reactions
anaphylaxis
dangerous
ex:wheezing, stridor, SOB, cyanosis
transfusion reactions
circulatory overload
low SP02 , tachycardia, high BP, dyspnea
ALWAYS stop transfusion immediately after any type of bad/adverse reaction
(T/F)
true
total parental nutrition (TPN)
IV infusion of amino acids , vitamins, electrolytes, and minerals
-must be ran on a pump
peripheral / partial parental nutrition (PPN)
can be given via peripheral IV line
lipids
IV infusion of fat/fatty acids.
increased dextrose level of TPN can lead to increased bacteria growth
-change IV tubing q24 hours
intracellular
fluids inside the cells
extracellular
fluids outside the cells
interstitial
in the tissue
Potassium and magnesium are the only ones inside the cell; the rest are outside (sodium, chloride, calicum, bacrbonate)
(T/F)
true
tonicity
the osmolarity or concentration of an IV solution
-the amount of solute in fluid
example of isotonic
grape stays normal
example of hypotonic
big swollen cell
normal saline
isotonic
no calories
dextrose solutions
dextrose and water / closely monitor diabetic patients (cannot be administered with blood and / or blood products)
high alert intravenous medication:
requires 2 nurse checks - always get administered on pump (never gravity)
-no tritation for LPNS
(t/f)
true
when on IVPB is running the primary infusion willl be stopped- once the IVPB is complete, the continuous medication will restart gravity
...