Nutrition vocab Flashcards


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1

Basal Metabolic Rate

the minimum number of calories your body requires to perform essential, life-sustaining functions—such as breathing, circulation, and cell production—while at complete rest.

2

Calories

a unit of measurement for energy, defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by

3

Carbohydrates

organic macromolecules consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, acting as the body’s primary energy source

4

Cholesterol

a waxy, fat-like substance produced by the liver and found in all body cells, essential for making hormones, vitamin D, and digesting food.

5

Diabetes

a chronic condition causing high blood sugar (glucose) because the body cannot produce or effectively use insulin, a hormone that converts food into energy.

6

Dietary Fiber

the indigestible part of plant-based foods—such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes—that passes through the digestive system without being broken down.

7

Digestive system

a complex group of organs that work together to turn food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body.

8

Electrolytes

essential minerals—such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium—that carry an electric charge when dissolved in bodily fluids like blood and urine

9

Fats

essential macronutrients (lipids) that provide the body with energy, support cell growth, and aid nutrient absorption

10

Macronutrients

nutrients required by the body in large quantities to provide energy (calories), support growth, and maintain health.

11

Metabolism

the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within living organisms to maintain life, converting food into energy and building materials for growth, repair, and reproduction

12

Micronutrients

essential vitamins and minerals required by the body in small quantities to enable enzymes, hormones, and other substances necessary for growth, development, and immune function.

13

Minerals

a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an ordered atomic structure

14

Nutrients

chemical substances found in food—including proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and water—that the body requires to function, grow, repair tissues, and produce energy.

15

Protein

large, complex macronolecules composed of long, folded chains of amino acids, which are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs

16

Saturated Fat

a type of dietary fat with carbon chains fully "saturated" with hydrogen atoms, containing no double bonds.

17

Trans Fat

man made fat

18

Unsaturated Fat

healthy dietary fats that are generally liquid at room temperature, containing one or more double bonds in their chemical structure.

19

Vitamins

essential organic compounds, required in small quantities, that the body cannot synthesize in sufficient amounts and must obtain through diet or supplements to maintain health and normal growth

20

Water

a clear, odorless, tasteless, and colorless inorganic liquid compound essential for all known living organisms, covering over 70% of Earth's surface