Within the liver, bile is produced by ___ and secreted into the bile canaliculi.
hepatocytes
The condition in which the liver becomes infused with fibrous tissue and is unable to repair itself is known as _____
cirrhosis
What is/are the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the U.S.?
alcohol abuse
Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
storage of vitamin C
Regarding the regulation of plasma cholesterol, except ___
most of the cholesterol used by the body is derived from the diet
Which of the following statements about liver failure is not correct?
severe hyperglycemia develops
Drug that can cause liver disease.
Statins and acetaminophen
The last stage of liver disease associated with chronic heavy use of alcohol is called
cirrhosis
Lab analysis for liver disease:
alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, prothrombin time
Caring for a male client with cirrhosis. This assessment findings indicate that the client has deficient vitamin K absorption caused by this hepatic disease?
A and C
- purpura & petechiae, unable to produce prothrombin because of Vit K deficiency
Symptoms of a heart attack can include:
All are correct
- dizziness, weakness, arm pain
pressure in the chest, heart
palpitations, shortness of breath, weakness
no symptoms at all
(silent ischemic)
What happens during ventricular diastole?
both ventricles fill with blood
The medical term for chest pain is
angina
Meaning of infarction is
tissue death
Myocardial infarction is also known as
heart attack
Which of the following conditions is associated with a predictable level of pain that occurs as a result of physical stress or emotional stress?
stable angina
Which coronary artery provides blood to the left atrium and left ventricle?
left circumflex artery
In the U.S. , 1 in every 4 deaths is caused by heart disease
false
A 55-year-old patient who is diagnosed with an evolving myocardial infarction insists on going home. The cardiac-vascular nurse encourages the patient to be admitted because the greatest risk within the first 24 hours of sustaining an MI is
v.fib
Modifiable risk factors include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, smoking, poor diet, sedentary, lifestyle, and stress
true
Which of the following confirmed values meet the diagnostic threshold for diabetes?
fasting blood glucose >/= 126 mg/dl
Insulin deficiency is associated with
increased ketogenesis
The test for checking mean plasma glucose concentration over the previous 8-10 weeks is
hemoglobin A1c
What is the first-line drug for patients with type 2 diabetes?
metformin
Type 1 diabetes is a primary failure of pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin. It primarily affects children and young adults and is unrelated to diet
true
Two of the main types of diabetes (type 1 and 2). How many people with diabetes have type 2?
more than 90%
Type 1 diabetes is primarily treated with
insulin
Blood sugar is well controlled when Hemoglobin A1c is
below 7%
The risk factors for type 1 diabetes include all of the following except
diet
Which statement about diabetes is false?
the U.S. prevalence of diabetes is decreasing
An early finding in the EKG of a client with an infarcted myocardium would be?
elevated ST segments
Which of the following physiologic conditions is usually present immediately before a heart attack?
the blood supply to an area of the heart is usually cut off
Which of the following is the most common symptom of myocardial infarction?
chest pain
A patient is admitted with chest pain to the ER. The patient has been in the ER for 5 hours and is being admitted to your unit for overnight observation. From the options below, what is the most important information to know about this patient at this time?
Troponin result and when the next troponin level is to be collected