BMD 420 Module 2 (Chapter 5) Flashcards

Physical and chemical barriers such as skin mucous membranes tears saliva and gastric acid

Nonspecific inflammatory response phagocytosis and interferons

Specific immune response involving antibodies and sensitized lymphocytes

Body's nonspecific response to tissue injury producing redness swelling warmth pain and possible loss of function

Infection, physical injury, chemicals, ischemia, allergic reaction, extreme temperatures, foreign bodies

Chemical released from injured cells that activates pain receptors

Released from mast cells causing vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

1. Injury 2. Bradykinin released from injured cells that activates pain receptors 3. Pain stimulates mast cells and basophils to release histamine 4. Bradykinin and histamine cause capillary dilation, increase blood flow and capillary permeability. 5. Break in skin allows bacteria to enter tissue; neutrophils and monocytes migrate to injury site 6. Neutrophils and macrophages phagocytize bacteria

Hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out at arterial end and osmotic pressure pulls fluid back at venous end

Injured cells release chemical mediators that cause vasodilation and increase permeability to allow proteins, fluid, and leukocytes to leave capillaries to form exudate and move towards site of injury to phagocytize foreign material

1. Vascular Response (Causes local vasodilation and increased capillary permeability) 2. Cellular Response (WBC attracted by chemotaxis) 3. Excess fluid can collect in interstitial space (Exudate) 4. Inactivation of chemical mediators begins resolution of inflammation (Resolvins/metabolites of omega-3 fatty acids and lipoxins/derived from arachidonic acid)

Fluid rich in protein cells and electrolytes that accumulates in inflamed tissue

Attraction of white blood cells to the site of injury

Movement of leukocytes through capillary walls into tissue

Increased blood flow to inflamed tissue causing redness and warmth

Redness, heat, swelling, pain, and sometimes loss of function

Watery fluid with protein and white blood cells

Thick sticky exudate with fibrin that increases scar risk

Pus containing leukocytes microbes and debris usually from bacterial infection

Localized pocket of purulent exudate in solid tissue

Exudate containing blood due to vessel damage

Fever (pyrexia), fatigue, malaise (feeling unwell), headache, anorexia (loss of appetite)

Pyrogens released by macrophages reset hypothalamic temperature control

Increased white blood cell count during inflammation

Protein appearing in blood during acute inflammation and necrosis

Lab test elevated in inflammation due to increased plasma proteins

Long term inflammation with more macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, tissue destruction, and scarring

Mass of necrotic tissue surrounded by connective tissue in chronic inflammation

Ulcers, local complications of specific site of inflammation, Infections, Skeletal Muscle spasms

Decreases prostaglandin synthesis at the site of inflammation (anti-inflammatory) and reduces pain (analgesic) and reduces fever (antipyretic)

Anti inflammatory drugs that reduce prostaglandin synthesis and relieve pain fever and inflammation. Same thing as aspirin

Analgesic and antipyretic drug but not anti inflammatory

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug

Strong anti inflammatory drugs that decrease permeability and suppress immune response

Delayed healing, high blood glucose, fluid retention, tissue atrophy, adrenal suppression

Rest ice compression elevation used to reduce swelling and pain

Minimal tissue damage with complete return to normal structure

Replacement of damaged tissue with identical new cells through mitosis

Extensive damage repaired by connective tissue forming scar

Clean wound with edges close together minimal inflammation and small scar

Large wound with more inflammation slower healing and greater scar formation

1. Injury 2. Blood clot forms and seals area 3. Inflammation develops in surrounding area 4. Granulation tissue grows into gap 5. Epithelial cells undergo mitosis, closing wound while granulation tissue forms 6. Fibroblasts and connective tissue cells enter area, producing collagen 7. Scar tissue remains, non-functional with no specialized structures

Fragile vascular connective tissue that fills wound during healing

Produce collagen that strengthens repaired tissue

Nonfunctional fibrous tissue lacking specialized structures

Youth, good nutrition, adequate hemoglobin, effective circulation, clean wound, absence of infection

Protein and vitamins A and C support collagen formation and tissue repair

Old age, poor nutrition, anemia, diabetes, infection, radiation, chemotherapy, prolonged steroid use

Shrinking nonelastic scar tissue causing joint deformity or restricted movement

Narrowing of tubes or ducts caused by scar tissue

Bands of scar tissue joining surfaces that normally move freely

Excess collagen forming raised thick scar

Excessive overgrowth of scar tissue beyond wound margins

Impaired blood supply around scar area

Thermal electrical or chemical injury causing acute inflammation and tissue destruction

Superficial burn affecting epidermis only and healing without scar

Partial thickness burn affecting epidermis and part of dermis causing blisters pain and possible scarring

Full thickness burn destroying all skin layers often charred and requiring grafting

Method estimating percent body surface area burned

Dead coagulated tissue forming hard crust over full thickness burn

Surgical incision through eschar (damaged tissue) to relieve pressure and restore circulation

Loss of fluid and protein from bloodstream decreases blood volume and pressure

Loss of skin barrier increases risk of bacterial invasion

Increased metabolic demand requiring more protein and calories

Massive fluid and protein leakage causes shock and tissue damage

Extensive loss of regenerative structures requires grafting and prolonged repair

Transplantation of skin to cover large burn wounds and promote healing

Used after burns to reduce hypertrophic scar formation