OTC means
Over the counter
Controlled substance
Drug controlled by prescription requirement because of danger of addiction or abuse
Indications
A list of medical conditions or disease for which a drug is meant to be used
Actions
description of cellular changes that occur as a result of the drug
Contradictions
list of conditions for which the drug should not be given
warnings and cautions
list of conditions or types of patients that warrant closer observation for specific side effects when given the drug
Side effects and adverse reactions
a list of possible unpleasant or dangerous secondary effects, other than the desired effects
Example: Drowsy, itching
Intercations
list of other drugs or foods that may alter the effect of the drug and usually should not be given during the same course of therapy
How Supplied
the available forms and strengths of the drug
usual dosage
the amount of drug considered safe for administration, the route, and the frequency of administration
pharmocology
study of drugs and their action on living organisms
drug
any chemical substance taken into the body for the purpose of affecting body function
pharmacodnamics
the study of the actions and effects of drugs on the body
pharmackinetics
the use of a drug in the body by 4 steps:
ABSORPTION
DISTRIBUTION
BIOSTRANSFORMATION
EXCRETION
Prophylaxis
prevention
getting ahead of reactions
Drug enforcement Agency(DEA)
concerned with controlled substances only, enforces laws against drug activities including illegal drug use, dealing, and manufacturing, they also monitor need for changing the schedules of abused drugs
Narcotics regulations
- Drug enforcement agency # of the physician
- Cannot be phones in. Must have written prescription
- Drugs must be counted at the END and BEGINNING of shift
- IF A MED HAS TO BE WASTED IT MUST BE WITNESSED BY ANOTHER LICENSED NURSE
- Must be kept in double lock system
- Meds must be signed in and out when taken out of narcotic drawer...Example in a nursing home
Drug Standards
Purity
pure drug, contains only one specific chemical
Drug Standards
Potency
Strength, reflected in grams, mg, mcg, or other units in weight
when active ingredients unknown potency is reflected in units
Drug Standards
Bioavailability
readiness of a drug to produce a drug effect. Measured by the concentration of the drug in blood or tissue at a specific time after administration
Drug Standards
Efficacy
Its ability to produce a desired chemical change in the body
Drug Standards
Safety and toxicity(opposites)
determined by recording type and # of adverse effect that occur in individuals after a drug is administered
Drug Standards
Therapeutic Dosages
dosages that fall within the margin of safety
Principles of Drug Action and Interactions
Pharmacokinetics: Drug processing by the body
- Absorption
getting in the blood stream
Principles of Drug Action and Interactions
Pharmacokinetics: Drug processing by the body
Moving from the blood stream into the tissues and fluids of the body
Principles of Drug Action and Interactions
Pharmacokinetics: Drug processing by the body
physical and chemical alterations that a substance undergoes in the body
Principles of Drug Action and Interactions
Pharmacokinetics: Drug processing by the body
Eliminating waste products of drug metabolism from the body
Half Life
the amount of time required for 50% of the drug to be eliminated from the body
- How fast it goes through your system