Define Cultivated Forage 1
Plants are are seeded and grown using agricultral practices such as tilage, irrigation, and fertilization to produce herbage for consuption that can be grazed or packaged to be sold aas hay or silage to domesticated animals
Define Cultivated Forage 2
Edible parts of plants other than separated grain that can bee used as feed for animals or can be harvested for feeding livestock
Define Cultivated Forage 3
Forage specifically cultivated for feeding livestock
Why is Cultivated forage important
It is used to use other edible parts of plants to feed livestock that otherwise wouldn't be used
Define annual plants
Plants that complete their lifecycle in one year
Define biannual plants
Plants that compelte their lifecycle in two years
Define perinneal plants
Plants that survive from year to year with receding
What is considered herbage
Edible parts of the plant; leaves, stems, root, and seed (of non woody species)
herbaceous material of non woody species
What are the different types of forage
Hay
Silage
Haylage
Greenchop
Define Hay
Dried form of forage produced by harvesting fresh herbage, field drying to moisture levels that precent microbial growht and sspoilage and packaging it in the form of lose starys or bales in varous sizes
Define Silage
Forage that is put in an anaerobic environment and moisture together to allow it to ferment
Define Haylage
Drier form of silage used to preserve forage plants such as alfalfa and perinneal grasses that are often difficult to ensule using high moisture technques
Define Green chop
Forage that is harvested, chopped, and feed directl to livestock on a daily basis
What is the general classification of grasses and grass like plants
Monocots
What is the general classifiction of broad leaf plants like legumes
Dicots
What are the main distinguishing characteristics of grasses and grass like plants
Narrow leaves, parallel veins, inconspicuous flowers
Whar are the main distinguishing characteristics of legumes
Net veins and showy flowers
What is the unique ability associated with legumes
Ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere
Contrast the difference between C3 and C4 plants
C3 plants grow at colder temperatures
The optimum temperature for C3 plants is from 60-85 degrees; specifically 75 F
The optimum temperature for C4 plants is 86-104 F; specifically 90 F
C3 has lower water efficiency and is less drought tolerant
What is a winter annual
Planted in the fall, in a vegeative state in winter, completes lifecycle in early summer
What is a summer annual
Planted in the spring, completes lifecycle by mid summer or early fall
What is the life span of a short lived perennial
3-5 years
What is the life span of a moderate lived perennial
5-10 year
Wht is the lfie span of a long lived pernennial
10+ years
Draw a tupicalcool season and warm seaosn plant growth curve
Two rectangular boxes
C3 has two curves
C4 has one curve
What is pH a measure of
Measure of how acidic and basic soil is
Why is pH important
Sets the stage for proper root function and microbial activity when at an ideal level for forage to grow
What is the ideal soil, what proportion of air, water, and minderla particle is ideal
25% air, 25% water, 50% minerals and particles
What is the optimum pH range for growth of most plants
6-7.5
Where does most soil organic matter come from
Decaying vegetation
Hummus is the fairy stable end product of organic matter decomposition
True
Being low in sodium is a characteristic of calcerous and saline soils
True
As the leaf to stem ratio continues to decline, forage quality increases
false
Most pereniial grasses undergo three reproductive cycles a year
false
pH, organic matter contnet (nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, solubkle salts, micronutrients, boron, zinc, irron, soil texture) are the important factor sot look for on a soil test report
TrueBe
ing nonstructural vs structural is the main difference between cell contents and cell constituents
truw
______ is the main factor driving the timing for growth of C4 plants
Temperature
The _____ bud is the growing point found on a legume plant
Terminal
When removed, the _____ bud is whre new growth of the legume originates
Axillary
The ____ is the growing point found on a grass
Terminal meristem
When the gtowing point is damaged on the grass plant, the ____ is where new growth originated
Axillary bud
Simple carbohydrates are important because they are the basic ____ for other more complex carbohydrates
Building blocks
______ is an example of a monosaccharide. _____ is an example of a disassacharide
Glucose
sucrose
Polysacchardies are important because they serve as _____
an energy reserve
_____ is a storage oran where polysaccharides accumulate
roots
____ and ____ are the two types of structural carbohydrates
Cellulose and hemicellulose
Cellulose is made of polymers of
Glucose
The relative digestibility of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin are 20-80% for hemicellulose, 50-90% for cellulose, and 0% for lignin
True
Using the soil triangle, which soil texture is comprised of 50% silt, 30% sand, 20% clay
Silt lomb
How does lignin differ from hemicellulose and cellulose
It is not a carbohydrate
What is sustainability
The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations