Procedural Due Process
A judicial standard requiring that fairness be applied to all individuals equally.
4th Amendment
Protect you, your home, and your belongings from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government.
Warrent
A document issued by a judge authorizing a search.
Probable Cause
Reasonable belief that a crime has been committed or that there is evidence of criminal activity.
Exclusionary Rule
A rule that evidence obtained without a warrant is inadmissible in court.
Mapp v. Ohio
The supreme Court ruled that evidence obtained through illegal searches and seizures cannot be used in state courts.
5th Amendment
protects citizens from government abuse in legal cases, ensuring the right to remain silent, forbidding double jeopardy, and guaranteeing due process of law.
Grand Jury
A group of citizens who, based on the evidence presented to them, decided whether or not a person should be indicated on criminal charges and subsequently tried in court.
Double Jeopardy
Protects an individual acquitted of a crime from being charged with the same crime again in the same jurisdiction.
Self-Incrimination
When a person is forced to say or admit something that could make them appear guilty of crime.
Miranda v. Arizona
The Supreme Court ruled that police must inform suspects of their rights before interrogation, or the statements cannot be used in court.
6th Amendment
Guarantee rights for people accused of crimes, ensuring they receive a fair and fast trial, and to have a lawyer in criminal cases.
Gideon v. Wainwright
The Supreme Court Ruled that states must provide a lawyer to defendants who cannot afford one in felony criminal cases, under the 6th amendment.
8th Amendment
Protects people from unfair treatment by the government before and after a criminal conviction
Bail
An amount of money posted as a security to allow the charged individual to be freed while awaiting trial.
Right to Privacy
Protection against government interferes into personal, private, and family life.
Griswold v. Connecticut
The Supreme Court ruled that states cannot interfere with married couples' private decisions.
Lawrence v. Texas
The Supreme Court ruled that states cannot criminalize private shared relationships between adults, protecting their right to privacy and liberty
Roe v. Wade
The supreme Court ruled that women have a constitutional right to choose to have an abortion, based on the right to privacy.
9th Amendment
Rights not specifically listed in the Constitution that are still kept by the people.