International Imperialism (1800s-1914) Set 2 Flashcards

A British trading company that gradually took political and military control of large parts of India before the British government officially ruled it.

An Indian soldier hired to serve in the British East India Company’s army.

A British rifle used by sepoys that required cartridges rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat, offending Hindu and Muslim religious beliefs.

A violent uprising of Indian sepoys against British rule, caused by cultural disrespect, economic exploitation, and military grievances.

The period of direct British government rule in India from 1858 to 1947 after the Sepoy Mutiny.

When a country exports more goods than it imports; China had this advantage over European nations before the Opium Wars.

1842) – A war between Britain and China caused by Britain’s illegal opium trade; China’s defeat led to greater European influence.

Agreements forced on China after military defeat that favored foreign powers by giving them trading rights, land, and legal privileges.

Areas in China where foreign nations controlled trade and economic activities without directly ruling the territory.

The treaty that ended the First Opium War, forcing China to give Britain Hong Kong and open ports to foreign trade.

1895) – A war between China and Japan over control of Korea; Japan’s victory showed its successful modernization.

A Chinese nationalist uprising against foreign influence and missionaries; it was crushed by foreign armies.

A massive civil war in China led by a group opposing the Qing dynasty, weakening China internally.

A British diplomat who attempted to open trade with China but was rejected by the Chinese emperor, showing China’s resistance to foreign influence.

Japan’s policy of limiting contact with foreign nations to preserve its culture and political system.

To adopt new technology, industry, and military practices to strengthen a country.

The use of military power or threat of force to influence another country’s decisions.

The adoption of Western ideas, technology, government, and culture.

An agreement between the U.S. and Japan that opened Japanese ports to American trade.

1889) – A period when Japan ended feudalism, centralized power under the emperor, and modernized to become an imperial power.

A U.S. naval officer who forced Japan to open trade using gunboat diplomacy.

The Japanese emperor who led Japan during modernization and expansion.