Can children be diagnosed with GAD?
Yes
The diagnostic criteria for GAD remains the same for children except-
Only one of the six symptoms is required in children
- restlessness
- easily fatigued
- issues concentrating
- irritable
- muscle tension
- sleep issues
The Dx checklist for Selective Mutism includes:
1. individual persistently does not speak in certain social situation in which speech is expected, although speaking in other situation spresents no problem
2. academic or social interference
3. Symptoms last 1 MONTH or more, and are not limited to the first 4 weeks of a new school year
4. Symptoms not due to ASD, thought disorder, or language or communication disorder.
What is the Dx checklist for Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder?
1. For at least 1 YEAR, the person repeatedly displays severe outbursts of temper that are significantly out of proportion to triggering situations and different from those displayed by most other individuals of the same age
2. The outbursts occur at least three times per week and are present in at least two settings
3. individual repeatedly displays irritable r angry mood between the outbursts
4. individual recieves initial diagnosis between 6 and 18 years old
What is the Dx checklist for Conduct Disorder?
1. individual repeatedly behaves in wasy that violated the rights of other people or ignores the norms or rules of society, beyond the violations displayed by most people of the same age
(3. SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT)
2. At least THREE of the following features are present over the past year (and at least one in the past 6 months)
- bullying, threatening others
- provokes physical fights
- using weapons
- physical cruelty to people or animals
- stealing during confrontations with a victim
- forcing someone into sexual activity
- otther illegal shit
Studies indicate that at least ____ percent of students report having been bullied on at least one occasion.
50%
While many children experience feelings of anxiety, stress, and depression, roughly _____ percent experience a diagnosable psychological disorder each year.
20%
The childhood anxiety disorder, selective mutism, has been linked to which of the following adult anxiety disorders?
social anxiety disorder
In an attempt to reduce a perceived overuse of the diagnosis of childhood bipolar disorder, the DSM-5 included a new diagnostic category;
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
A disorder in which children are repeatedly argumentative, angry, and irritable is known as:
oppositional defiant disorder
Which form of conduct disorder is more commonly seen in girls as compared to boys?
relational aggression
Recent research suggests that childhood maltreatment will lead to the development of conduct disorder only if the child has:
a variant of the MAOA gene
Bed-wetting, nightmares, and temper tantrums are examples of
typical childhood emotional and behavioral problems.
Which disorder is MOST likely to disappear by adulthood
elimination disorders
Nino has a conduct disorder. He will secretly ruin his parents’ belongings; for example, he cuts the curtains and draws on the walls. This pattern is known as:
covert-destructive
Eight-year-old Kimiko involuntarily urinates whenever she hears or sees her parents arguing. Kimiko likely:
has from enuresis.
Difficulties with focusing attention in ADHD appear to be a result of the child’s difficulty engaging _____ attention processes and shutting down _____ attention processes
Type 2; Type 1
What percentage of children with autism spectrum disorder experience significant impairment into adulthood?
90%
The majority of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) fall into the category of _____ ID.
mild
Typical emotional and behavioral problems that occur as children encounter new people and situations are
temper tantrums, nightmares, restlessness, phsyical symptoms
Despite the high prevalence of childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders-
two-thirds of anxious children go untreated
Individuals display openly aggressive and confrontational behaviors
Overt-destructive pattern
Dominated by openly offensive but nonconfrontational behaviors such as lying
Overt-nondestructive pattern
Characterized by secretive, destructive behaviors
Covert-destructive pattern
Individuals secretly commit nondestructive behaviors
Covert-nondestructive pattern
Consequences of conduct disorder
School suspension; foster home placement; incarceration
juvenile delinquents/recidivism
Relational aggression
- Individuals are socially isolated and primarily display social misdeeds; more common among girls than boys
- _____Slander________________
- Rumor-starting
Friendship manipulation
How do clinicians treat conduct disorder?
Treatments are generally most effective with children younger than age 13.
- Parent management training (PCIT; iPCIT)
- _____Child-focused_____________
- Residential treatment
_____Prevention_____________
Why are neurodevelopmental disorders labeled as such?
group of disabilities in the functioning of the brain that emerge at birth or during very early childhood and affect the individual’s behavior, memory, concentration, and/or ability to learn
Clinicians generally consider ADHD to have several interacting causes which is one of them?
- Biological causes
- Breakdown of balance of Type 1 and Type 2 attention processes
- Dysfunctional attention circuit, marked by poor communication (faulty interconnectivity) between the circuit structures and abnormal activity of neurotransmitter dopamine throughout brain circuit
- High levels of stress, family dysfunction
Traditionally four levels of intellectual development disorder have been distinguished:
- Mild (IQ 50–70)
- Moderate (IQ 35–49)
- Severe (IQ 20–34)
- Profound (IQ below 20)
While more than _____ percent of elderly
people meet criteria
for a mental disorder,
studies suggest that _____ percent of
all
elderly people would benefit from mental
health services
20;50
Of the following psychological disorders
seen among elderly
people, the least
common is
substance use disorder
Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease form
an extraordinary
number of twisted protein
fibers called
NTs
The ApoE-4 gene has been found to increase
the risk of developing:
Alzheimer's disease
A rapidly developing and acute disturbance
in attention and
orientation are symptoms
of
delirium
_____ is to early-onset Alzheimer’s disease
as _____ is to
late-onset Alzheimer’s disease.
Familial; sporadic
Which of following statements is FALSE
regarding Alzheimer’s disease
rates are higher among non-Hispanic White Americans than
among
Hispanic or Black Americans
_____ is an inherited disease associated with
memory problems,
personality changes,
mood difficulties, and severe involuntary
movements
Huntington's disease
An 86-year-old, who just had hip surgery, reports that
there are
“spooks” floating around their bed and that the
staff didn’t
really give them a transfusion but instead
injected chemicals to
control his thoughts. You suspect a
diagnosis of
delirium
_______________ is something that older adults report fearing the most
Aging/loss of memory
Psychotic symptoms are only experienced by younger adults, not elderly people
False, they can still experience delusions and hallucinations
Alcohol and substance use disorders appear to decline after age 60.
True; but older adults are more liekly to misue prescription drugs OPIATES! and alcohol
Which anxiety disorder is the most common among the elderly?
GAD
In most cases, Alzheimer’s disease can be diagnosed with certainty only after death, when structural changes in the brain can be examined. Which 2 structural changes have been linked to Alzheimer’s disease? Hint: these occur at the neuron level
NTs and amyloid plaques (senile plaques)
- There are two levels of neurocognitive disorders.
________________________________________________ and ______________________________________________
- What are they and what is the MAIN difference between them?
mild and major; degree of functional impact
The psychological problems of elderly persons may be divided into two groups-
- Disorders common in people of all ages but are connected to the process of aging ( depression, anxiety, SUDs)
- Disorders of cognition that result from brain abnormalities ( delirium, mild NCD, major NCD )
Delusional disorder ____________ in elderly population
Increases; beliefs will not be bizzare, can be delusions of persecution
Leading cognitive disorders among the elderly
Delirium, Major neurocognitive disorder, Mild neurocognitive disorder
Which of these is NOT one of the categories
of personality disorders
depressed or apathetic behavior
Community surveys indicate that the most
common personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Leo is constantly concerned about the behavior of others.
He
thinks his coworker is trying to get him fired, that his
best
friend is spreading rumors about him, and that his
partner is
cheating on him. In reality, none of these are
true. This overly
suspicious behavior on her part is most
likely
paranoid personality disorder
Which of the following personality disorders
are more common in
men than in women
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Jules is a 40-year-old woman whose twin was diagnosed
with
schizophrenia. Jules does not have many friends,
because she has
some very unusual views about the world
that people find strange.
She’s very superstitious and
won’t wear anything black because it
attracts the evil eye.
Which personality disorder is Jules
probably experiencing
schizotypal
Psychopaths/sociopaths are most likely to
have which personality disorder
antisocial personality disorder
It is suggested that individuals diagnosed
with antisocial
personality disorder have
_____, which explains their
difficulties with
impulse control
low levels of serotonin
Which of these shows high responsiveness
to treatment
All of these personality disorders show poor to modest responsiveness (antisocial, narcissitic, paranoid, histrionic)
Which of the following personality disorders
are more common in
women than in men?
borderline personality disorder
_____ is a key feature in borderline
personality disorder. It
affects the patients’
_____.
Instability; mood, self-image, and interpersonal relationships
Whereas individuals with histrionic personality
disorder look
_____ for approval and
acknowledgement of worth, people
with
narcissistic personality disorder look _____
for
approval and acknowledgement of worth.
to others; to themselves
Em is extremely afraid of being rejected and fears
criticism.
Yet they crave human contact. Jo needs human
contact and appears
unable to function without it. Em
avoids any close relationships
with others. Jo is helpless
without a partner. What personality
disorders could they
be diagnosed with
Em may have avoidant personality disorder; Jo may have
dependent
personality disorder.
Which of the following is NOT one of the five
dimensions or
groups of traits that would
result in a diagnosis of personality
disorder–
trait specified (PDTS) under DSM-5’s
dimensional approach
neuroticism
Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by
deep distrust and suspicion of motives of others
Antisocial personality disorder was referred to as ______________ during the nineteenth century
moral insanity
people with social anxiety disorder primarily
fear_____________________ , while people with the
personality
disorder tend to fear close ______________________
social circumstances, social relationships
People with ______________________ typically do not want or like
their
symptoms; those with
________________________________________ often embrace
their
symptoms and rarely wish to resist them
OCD; obsessive compulsive personality disorder
What is the dark triad?
a trio of malicious behaviors that work to produce socially offensice behaviors. (narcissism, psychopathy, machiavellianism)
Negative Affectivity
People who display negative affectivity experience
negative
emotions frequently and intensely
Antagonism
People who display antagonism behave in ways that put them at odds with other people. They may exhibit any of the following traits: manipulativeness, deceitfulness, grandiosity, attention seeking, callousness, and hostility. Hostility is also found in the negative affectivity group.