Final Flashcards

The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) causes an increase in GFR.

true

false

Sympathetic axons innervate the afferent and efferent arterioles of the kidneys.

true

false

The average adult kidney weighs about 100 grams and measures about?

12 cm long 6.5 cm wide and 2.5 cm thick

8 cm long 4 cm wide and 1.5 cm thick

15 cm long 10.5 cm wide and 4.5 cm thick

8 cm long 10.5 cm wide and 2.5 cm thick

12 cm long 2 cm wide and 8 cm thick

The largest possible amount of a substance that can be reabsorbed or secreted across a kidney tubule in a given duration of time is known as the

glomerular filtration rate

renal threshold

transport maximum

net filtration pressure

renal clearance exponent

Peptides such as angiotensin are reabsorbed by phagocytosis and returned to the blood as a functional molecule.

true

false

Basement membrane of the glomerulus is composed of glycoproteins and _______, and restricts passage of ________.

phospholipids, plasma ions

phospholipids, plasma proteins

proteoglycans, plasma ions

In order to accommodate the large liver,

the left kidney is about 2 cm inferior to the right kidney

the right kidney is about 2 cm inferior to the left kidney

Which type of epithelial cell within collecting tubules and collecting ducts are responsive to aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone?

type A cells

type B cells

principal cells

intercalated endocrine cells

Nutrients such as glucose and amino acids within tubular fluid

are completely secreted

are completely reabsorbed

have half of their plasma concentration secreted

have a little less than half of their tubular fluid concentration reabsorbed

have concentrations in the filtrate and urine that match their transport maximum

Substances that are both filtered and reabsorbed have a renal plasma clearance that is _________ the GFR.

higher than

lower than

the same as

Stimulation of granular cells by the sympathetic nervous system causes them to

contract

relax

release calcitriol

increase endocytosis

Peritubular capillaries tend to exhibit

high hydrostatic pressure and high colloid pressure

high hydrostatic pressure and low colloid pressure

low hydrostatic pressure and low colloid pressure

low hydrostatic pressure and high colloid pressure

Collecting ducts are larger than collecting tubules

true

false

Water and glucose are freely filtered through the filtration membrane of a renal corpuscle.

true

false

Where are the renal pyramids located within the kidneys?

renal cortex

renal sinus

renal pelvis

renal medulla

renal papilla

Increases in capsular hydrostatic pressure result in increases in net filtration pressure.

ANP is a hormone that causes

constriction of the afferent arterioles and release of renin

constriction of afferent arterioles and and inhibition of renin release

dilation of the afferent arterioles and release of renin

dilation of the afferent arterioles and inhibition of renin release

The proximal convoluted tubules in lined with a

cuboidal epithelium with large surface area

single columnar epithelium with a slick smooth surface

stratified squamous epithelium with large surface area

stratified squamous epithelium with a tough, durable surface

simple squamous endothelium that makes a slick surface

Pain from the kidneys is usually referred to by way of the

autonomic pathways to the inferior pelvic organs

sympathetic pathways to the T11-L2 dermatomes

somatic pathways to the left shoulder

parasympathetic pathways to the T1-T2 dermatomes

Excessive alcohol intake leads to respiratory alkalosis.

true

false

A substance that dissociates in water to form ions is called a non electrolyte.

true

false

Faculative water loss is loss that

occurs regardless of the state of hydration of the body

is controlled by hormone effects on the kidney

occurs through sweating and breathing

The stimuli that trigger the release of ADH are