A&P Exam 3 Flashcards

the ability to respond to stimulus

electrical changes that travels along the plasma membrane opening voltage-gated channels

contractile proteins within in the muscle slide past one another (sliding
filament)

ability to return to its original length

Lengthening of a muscle fiber

-Body Movement

-Maintenance of posture
-Protection and Support
-Regulating elimination
of materials (sphincters at orifices)
-Heat Production

muscle cell

group of
bound muscle fibers

small tubules with in the muscle fiber that contain the contractile unit called
sarcomere

-Protection

-Sites for distribution of blood vessels and nerves

-Attachment to the skeleton

-Epimysium

-Perimysium

-Endomysium

-Surrounds the whole muscle

-Dense irregular tissue

-Surrounds the fascicle

-Dense irregular tissue

-Contains lots of blood vessels and nerves

-Surrounds and electrically insulates each individual muscle fiber

-Areolar tissue

-Contains reticular fibers to help bind together muscle fibers

-Thick cord like structure

-Formed by three layers of connective tissue

-Dense irregular tissue

-Attach muscle to bone

-A thin flattened sheet of dense irregular tissue

-Connects two muscle bellies

-Multi nucleated

-Special cell membrane

-Sarcoplasmic reticulum

-Myofibrils

-Myofilaments

-Sarcomere

Myoblasts fuse to form a single muscle fiber

Myoblasts that do not fuse

-Remain in muscle tissue to repair damaged muscle tissue

Conducts electrical impulses

deep invaginations of the sarcolemma that extend into the skeletal muscle fiber to stimulate the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Internal membrane complex that is similar to smooth ER

Sacs at the end of the SER that store calcium

Pumps: Move calcium into SER

Channel: Move calcium out of SER

Proteins that bind calcium with the SER

-Long, cylindrical structures that extend the length of the muscle fiber

-80% of the skeletal muscle volume

-Composed of the myofilaments

-Contractile proteins that are bundled within the myofibrils

Myosin=thick

Actin=thin

-200 to 500 myosin proteins

-Myosin: globular head and elongated tail (golf club)

-Composed of 2 strands of actin protein

-Actin: 2 protein strands that are twisted around each other

regulatory protein that covers the myosin binding sites of actin until

regulatory protein that binds with calcium to move tropomyosin off of the myosin binding sites of actin

-Repeating units within the myofilaments

-The contractile unit

proteins that are positioned perpendicular to the myofilaments and serve as anchors for the thin filaments

-separates sarcomeres

extend in both directions of a Z disc

-thin filaments only

-disappears during maximal contraction

central region that contains the entire
thick filament

-thin overlaps thick slightly

-does not change shape during contraction

most central portion of the A band

-NO thin filament over lapping! Thick filaments only!

-disappears as well

thin transverse protein meshwork in the center of the H zone

-attachment for thick filaments

extends from the Z disc to the M line through the core of each thick filament

-stabilizes thick filaments

-has coiled section to help with recoil; able to return to normal shape after contraction

a complex protein that anchors myofibrils to other proteins with in the
sarcolemma that extend to the endomysium

Find them in slides on #33 and after that.

-Fast-twitch

-Slow-twitch

-Fast Glycolytic

-Anaerobic

-Larger in diameter

-Strength and speed

-Light in color

-Contains medium amounts of mitochondria and myoglbin

-Aerobic

-Small in diameter

-appear red

-contain lots of mitochondria and myoglobin

-endurance

-anaerobic

-largest fibers

-white in color

-contains few mitochondria or myoglobin

-short duration (sprinting and weight lifting)

-length-tension relationship

-length-tension curve

the amount of overlap of thick and thin filaments when the muscle begins its contraction

muscle generates different amounts of tension dependent upon its length at the time of stimulation

resting tension in a muscle generated by involuntary nervous stimulation of the muscle

The reduced ability to inability of the muscle to produce muscle tension

contraction of a muscle where no movement is created

muscle tension results in movement of the muscle

shortening of the muscle length

(Occurs when the muscle tension is greater than resistance)

lengthening of the muscle

(Muscle exerts less force than needed to move the load)

-Short

-Y branching

-1 or 2 nuclei

-striated

-joined by intercalated disc

Specialized muscle cells that are
responsible for repetitious, rhythmic
contractions

-Thick filaments have myosin heads along entire length

-Myosin heads have a modification to latch-on to thin filament (latchbridging)

-NO troponin, instead has MLCK (myosin light-chain kinase) and myosin light chain phophatase

-Thick filaments have myosin heads along the ends

-No latchbridging

-Has troponin

-Calcium stimulates contraction

-Myosin uses ATP for power stroke

-Thin filament slides
past the thick filament