Diet Manuals
- diet orders
- special diets
- common diet orders
supplement feedings
- modular supplements
- standard or polymeric formulas
- elemental and semi
- elemental formulas
- disease- specific formulas
diabetes
group of disorders with persistent hyperglycemia
prediabetes
impaired glucose tolerance without diabetes diagnosis
four classes of diabetes
- type 1- born with it
- type 2
- gestational diabetes
- other and secondary diabetes
classic triad- if these three things exist, you may be a diabetic.
- glycosuria
- polydipsia
- polyphagia
ketoacidosis
dehydration, acidosis, electrolytes imbalances and treatment
death and cardiovascular disease
- heart disease leading cause of death
- stroke fifth leading cause of death
atheroclerosis
accumulation of substances inside arteries
unmodifiable risk factors cardiovascular disease
- age
- sex
- race
- family history
- prior medical histories
modifiable risk factors in cardiovascular disease
- hypertension (high salt intake and potassium intake)
- elevated blood cholesterol (relationship to diet and measurement)
- obesity(location of body fat)
- inactivity
- metabolic syndrome
- diabetes mellitus
- alcohol consumption( small amounts: vasodilation)-(high doses: vasoconstriction)
- cigarette smoking
benefits of omega
can help lower blood pressure, reduce triglycerides in the blood, and lower the risk of irregular heartbeats
psyllium
a soluble fiber used primarily as a gentle bulk-forming laxative in products such as Metamucil
myocardial infraction
heart failure
chronic kidney disease
- gradual loss of kidney function over time
- estimated 14% of Americans have CKD
- use of diet therapy
some functions of the kidney
- filtration
- reabsorption
- secretions of ions
- excretion
- control of cardiac output and systemic blood pressure
some causes of kidney disease
- diabetic nephropathy
- glomerulonephritis
- specific tubular abnormalities
- nephrotic syndrome
- nephrosclerosis
- nephron (the urine making unit of the kidney)
types of kidney failure
- acute
- chronic
treatment of kidney disease
- dialysis
- kidney transplant
kilocalories
- simple carbohydrates
- monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats
sodium
dependent on individual circumstances
potassium
dietary restrictions
phosphorus, vitamin d, and calium
importance of balance
controlling blood levels
renal disease in children
- growth failure
- poor food intake
accessory organs of the GI tract influence nutritional status
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
preoperative nutrtion
- nutritional deficiencies identified and corrected
- preventive nutritional support
- fasting protocols
achalasia
- cardiospasm
- esophageal spasm
gastritis
a condition that causes inflammation of the stomach lining
gastroparesis
s/s- nausea, vomiting, bloating, and stomach pain
treatment- changing eating habits
peptic ulcers
sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, the first part of the small intestine
postprandial hypertension
a significant drop in blood pressure that occurs after eating a meal
diseases of the liver: hepatitis
- types of boruses
- treatment- only hepatitis c virus (HVC) can be cured
- Nutritional care- alcohol abstinence
gallbladder disease
a sharp, cramping, or dull pain in the upper right or middle of the abdomen. the pain can be worse after eating a fatty meal.
- nauseas and vomiting- these symptoms can occur with gallbladder disease.
- fever- a fever can be symptom of gallbladder disease
diseases of the pancreas
- acute pancreatitis
- chronic pancreatitis
- cystic fibrosis: a genetic disease that causes the Boyd to produce thick , sticky mucus that block airways and damage organs and can serenely affect the pancreas.
metastasize
cancer has spread to other organs
foods to reduce cancer risk
- eat-plant based meals
- control portion sizes
- maintain healthy body mass index
dietary habits linked to cancer
- obesity
- red or processed meat
- alcohol
- salt-preserved foods
a diet to prevent cancer
- changing emphasis on fruits and vegtables
- balance, moderation, and variety
what provides potential cancer risk reduction?
flavonoids
includes: apples, citrus fruits, coffee, and tea and may inhibit inflammation and tumor growth
common nutrition problems
early satiety and anorexia
taste alterations
cytokines
produced by excess adipose tissue and contribute to inflammation
malnutrition of cancer patients is a concern because taste alterations may be permanent (T/F)
True
functions of the gallbladder is too _____
concentrate and store bile
the primary objective of treatment of hempatic and encephalopathy
remove sources of ammonia
a food that should be omitted from the diet of a patient with peptic ulcers is
jalapeño peppers
a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease is _____
cigarette smoking
the main source of dietary sodium in food is_____
processed foods
the microscopic functional units of the kidney is called
the nephron