Business (9609) AS Level - Unit 2 Flashcards

is the process of making the most efficient use of an organisation’s employees.

is a reduction in the number of levels of hierarchy within an organisational structure.

is the process of breaking down production into large units and using groups of employees to complete these tasks.

assesses the current workforce and actions necessary to meet the business’ future labour needs.

is the percentage of a business’ workforce that leaves a business over a given period of time (usually one year).

is the process of filling an organisation’s job vacancies by appointing new staff.

list the duties and responsibilities associated with a particular job.

outline the skills, knowledge and experience necessary to fill a given position successfully.

is a legal agreement between an employer and an employee setting forth the terms and conditions of the employment arrangement.

is the attitudes, values and beliefs that normally exist within an organisation.

occurs when an employer terminates the employee’s contract.

take place when an employee is dismissed because a job no longer exists.

is a broad term covering a wide range of facilities that are essential for the well-being of a business’ employees.

is the satisfaction felt by employees within the workplace.

refers to the obligations placed on employees by employers that determine the amount of time that employees spend on work-related activities.

refers to recognising the differences between individual employees and also the differences that may exist between groups of employees.

is the circumstance in which all people are equal, particularly in relation to rights and opportunities in the workplace.

is a process whereby an individual acquires jobrelated skills and knowledge.

refers to activities designed to increase employees’ skills, education, knowledge and abilities in the workplace.

means passing authority down the organisational hierarchy. This is only genuine if the manager relinquishes some control to the subordinate.

occurs when individuals within organisations are being entrepreneurial – taking risks and generating new ideas.

exists when employees have the skills to carry out several roles within an organisation.

is an organisation of workers established to protect and improve the economic position and working conditions of its members.

is negotiation between employers and representatives of employees, normally trade union officials.

describes the factors that arouse, maintain and channel behaviour towards a goal.

describes a situation in which an employee is absent from work without a good reason.

can be defined as the elements required for survival and good mental and physical health.

are individuals and groups who hold similar views on a particular matter – in this case on what motivates employees.

is a system whereby employees are paid according to the quantity of a product they produce.

is the breaking down of production into a series of small tasks, carried out repetitively by relatively unskilled employees.

is a theory that employees have successive requirements that can be fulfilled through work.

are a group of influences that may result in employee dissatisfaction at work.

are a series of factors, such as promotion, that may have positive influences on employee performance at work.

exists where some part of an employee’s pay is linked to the achievement of targets at work. These targets might include sales figures or achieving certain grades in an annual appraisal.

is a reward for working that is based on employee performance or results judged against some targets.

are those extras an employee receives as part of their reward package.

means changing the group of tasks or duties which make up a specific job.

occurs when employees’ jobs are redesigned to provide them with more challenging and complex tasks. Also called vertical loading.

is giving employees more duties of a similar level of complexity. Also called horizontal loading.

is the regular switching of employees between tasks of a similar degree of complexity.

is a series of actions designed to give employees greater control over their working lives.

is the process of grouping together individual tasks to form complete jobs.

is the involvement of employees in the process of decision-making within a business.

includes the functions of ruling, guiding and inspiring other people within an organisation in pursuit of agreed objectives.

is planning, organising, directing and controlling all or part of a business enterprise.

exists when managers keep control of information and make major decisions alone. Sometimes known as authoritarian management.

is a style in which managers take decisions in what they believe are the best interests of their subordinates.

occurs when information is shared and team members participate in decision-making. Sometimes known as participative management.

takes place when managers allow subordinates freedom to make their own decisions.