what carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder
ureter
the renal ____ is the outer region of the kidney
cortex
these vessels carry blood into the glomerulus
afferent arterioles
the fundamental function unit of the kidney is the
nephron
glomerular filtrate is most similar in composition to
blood
when substances move from the tubule into the blood stream, this is known as
reabsorption
if bp increases beyond normal range, what happens to glomerular filtration rate
in increases
what controls the selectivity of the kidney filter
the size of the holes in the filter
which of the following is usually completely reabsorbed in the proximal tubule
glucose
the descending nephron loop is permeable to _____ whereas the ascending is permeable to
water, ions
if bp drops dramatically, what happens to urine output
it decreases
which hormone increases urine output
anp
the series of pleats found in the bladder to enhance stretching are called
rugae
the collecting ducts are found in this part of the kidney
renal pyramid
this tube leads from the urinary bladder to the outside
urethra
the renal hormone secreted by the hypothalamus when b p decreases to promote the reabsorption of water
antidiuretic hormone
if pt experiences severe dehydration, what would you expect to happen to urine volume
it would decrease
the renal capsule covers the
kidney
which of the following will not pass through the glomerular epithelium into the nephron
all of the above
glucose is ____ in glomerular filtrate than in urine
at a higher concentration
the urinary bladder walls are composed of what type of muscle
smooth
urea is _____ in plasma than in urine
at a lower concentration
besides water, which of the following substances is usually found in urine at the bladder level
ammonia
where are the kidneys located
upper abdomen
which of these urinary organs transports urine form kidneys to the bladder
ureter
urea and creatine are _____ in urine than in glomerular filtrate
at a higher concentration
sodium is _____ in plasma than in urine
at a higher concentrate
in which layer of the kidney is the blood filtered
cortex
which of the following structures is located in the renal medulla
pyramids
normally how can humans consciously control the expulsion of urine from the body
conscious control over the urethral spincters
which of the following is the correct order in which blood arrives at the glomerulus
renal artery, segmental, lobar, interlobar, arcuate, cortical radiate, afferent arteriole
what happens at the bowmans capsule
filtration
angiotensinogen is secreted by the
liver
which of the following is secreted at the nephron
ammonia and hydrogen ions
glomerular filtrate flows from the renal corpuscle into the
proximal convuluted tubules
which of the following is either completely or partially reabsorbed respectively at the nephron
glucose and water
atrial natriuretic hormone is released by the atria when blood volume
increases
when systemic blood pressure has decreased, what protective measures does the kidney take
vasoconstrict
the pt complains of shortness of breath and is expectorating pink frothy sputum, the nurse would assess for further signs and symptoms of
fluid overload
when teaching a pt about ways to avoid fluid overload, the nurse explains it is best to eat a diet that is low in
sodium