Skeletal system consist of what?
bones, joints, cartilage, and ligaments
Skeletal system consist of how many bones
206
Functions of Skeletal system
support and protect the soft body organ
enables the body to move around about
store a number of minerals
red bone narrows produces red blood cells
Long Bones
longer than they are wide. found in arms and legs
Flat bones
thin, flat curved. from ribs, breastbone and skull
Irregular bones
differently shaped not classified as long, short or flat. Includes hip bones and bones in skull
Short bones
shaped like cubes and found primarily in wrists and ankles
Osseous Tissue
another for bone
Osteocytes (bone cells) contain?
calcium and minerals and secrete intercellular matrix
What 2 type of bone are there?
Compact bone and Spongy bone
Compact bone
dense hard, found in shafts long bones
Spongy bones
called the cancellous bone, less dense. found at the ends of long bones
Osten or haverison system
microscopie unit of compact bone
What does each haverison system consist of?
mature osteocytes
What does compact bone protein fibers provide?
elasticity
What do minerals make?
bone tissue hard and strong
Where do blood vessels run?
laterally to the haverison system, ensures blood supply to tissue
What is long bone made up of?
an arrangement of compact and spongy tissues, accounts for its strength
Diaphysis
long shaft of the bone
Epihysis
enlarged ends of long bone. covered with cartilage
Medullar Cavity is what?
the hollow center of the diaphysis, inside connective tissue called endosteum
Periostum
tough fibrous outside the diaphysis, protects the bone
Articular Cartliage
found on the outer surface of the epihysis, smooth and shinny surface
Ossification
the formation of bone
What is fetal skeleton composed of?
largely of cartilage
What happens as baby matures?
osteoblats invade the cartilage and gradually replace it with bone
What 2 types of bone growth?
Longitudinally and Thicker and wider
Longitundially
determines the height
Thicker and Wider
support weight
Where do longitudinally bones grow?
at the epiphyseal disc
Growth hormone stimulates when?
growth at disc making child taller
What do sex hormones and testrone cause?
epihyseal disc to fuse
Bone resorption
widens the bone moves calcium plays a role in blood calcium levels
Condyte
large rounded knob
Head
an enlarged and rounded end of bone
Trochantor
large(tuberosity) found only in femur
Meatus
a tunnel or tube like passageway
Sinus
a cavity or hollow space
Skeletal system 2 sections
Axial and Appedicuar
Frontal Bone
forms the forehead and upper body part of eye
Partieal bone
form the upper sides of head and roof cranial
Occiptical bone
located at that base of the skull
Ethmoid bone
irregularly shaped bone between the eye
Mandible
lower jaw bone, carries the lower teeth
Temporomandidular joint (TMJ)
depression in front of the ear
Maxilla
carries the upper teeth
Sinuses
air filled cavities located in several bones of the skull. lessen weight and increase sound
Paranasal 4 sinuses
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenodial
Maxillary
Hyoid Bone
U shaped bone in upper neck
Verterbal Column is called what?
backbones from skull to pelvis
Verterbal Coloumn consists of?
26 bones called vertabrae
4 major functions of verterbal coloumn
forms supporting for head and throat
forms attachment pelvic gridle
encases and protects spinal cavity
provides flexibility
C7 Vetebra prominens
feels like a large bump on back of neck
The sacrum forms?
the posterior wall of pelvis
The tailbone is called?
coccyx
Atlas supports?
the skull and allows you to nod "yes"
Axis(2)
tooth-like projection called the dens, allows you to rotate your head to say "no"
Vertebral Colum
also known as the spine
Vertebral Foramen
opening for the spinal cord
Cervical and Lumbar curvatures bend?
towards front of body
Thoraic and Sarcal curvatures bend?
away from of body
Thoraic Cage
is the bony, cone-shaped cage. Plays a crucial role in breathing
What is Phalanges 14 finger bones called?
Digits
Pelvic gridle composed of?
2 coxal bones with sacrum posteritory
3 functions of pelvic griddle
bears body weight
place of attachment for legs
protects organs in pelvic cavity
Coxal bone
hip bone
3 parts of coxal bone
ilium, ischium, pubis
Illium
largest part of the coxal bone, can be felt at hip
Ischial tubersoity
is part of the coxal bone on which you sit on
The obtutrator
is the largest foearm in the body
Femur
is the longest and strongest bone in body
Great toe is called
the hallux
Thoraic Cage is composed of?
Sternum
Ribs
Thoraic Vertebrae
Sternum is called and located where?
breastbone and located along midline to anterior chest
Sternum 3 parts?
Manubrium
Body
Xiphiod process
False ribs is where?
the lower 5 pair of ribs to the sternum
Floating ribs located?
bottom 2 pair of false ribs
Where are intercostal muscles located?
between the ribs
Glenoid Cavity
located on the scapula allows you to rotate shoulder
Ulna
second bone of the forearm
3 types of muscle
Skeletal
Smooh
Cardiac
Skeletal Muscles
are long, shaped like cylinders or tubes
Functions of Skeletal muscles
produce movement
maintain body psoture
stabilize joints
Where is smooth muscle?
generally found in the walls of visceria
Where is cardiac muscle?
found only in heart
Cardiac muscles function?
pumps blood throughout the body
Fascia
layers of tough connective tissue surround large skeletal muscle
Tendon
strong cordlike structure extends toward and attaches to bone
What does ATP and calcium play an important role in?
the contraction and relaxation of muscles
Single muscles fibers
contracts in all or nothing response
What is sustained muscle contraction called?
Tetanus
Tonus
the normal continuous state of partial muscle contraction
Primer Mover "Chief Muscle"
a single muscle that is generally responsible for most movement
Synergits "Helper Muscle"
works with other muscles
Hypertrophy
overuse of a muscle, muscle increase in size
Chewing muscles are called?
Mastication
Trapezius
origin is at the base of the occipital bone in skull to spine
Muscles of the trunk functions?
involved in breathing
form the abdominal wall
move the vertabal column
form the pelvic region
Intercostal muscles
located between the ribs, responsible for lowering and raising rib cage
Diaphragm
dome shaped muscle that separates the thorastic cavity, chief muscle of inhalation
Pectoralis Major
Large broad muscle form anterior chest wall, conducts the hemurus with the clavlice
What makes up rotator cuff 4 muscles?
Sub scapularis
Subraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
What does the rotator cuff muscles help to rotate?
the arm at the shoulder joint
Triceps brachii
muscles that move the lower arm
Boxer msucles
muscles that packs the greatest punch for a boxer
Biceps Brachii
is the muscle that is most visible when someone is asked "make a muscle"
how many muscles move the hands and finger?
More than 20
Where is the adductor muscles located?
on the inner surface on the thigh
What is the most powerful muscle in the body?
Quadraceps Femoris
Where is Vastas laterakis used as?
an IM injection site
Popliteal fossa
where the tendons form a pit behind the knee
What major muscles are on the posterior of leg?
Gastrocremius and Soleus