Cartilage
A type of dense connective tissue, elastic but strong.
Chondral means:
pertaining to cartilage.
Muscle
composed of cells or fibers, contract and allow movement.
cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.
Fascia, a term used for:
fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles.
Tendons:
bands of strong fibrous tissue. Connects muscles to bone.
ten/o , tend/o
tendon
Articulation/joint
place of union between two or more bones.
Articular means:
pertaining to a joint.
Synovial Joints:
joints that have cavities between articulating bones.
ex. elbow, knee, ankle, shoulder, and hip bones
Bursae
sacs of fluid located in areas of friction
4 kinds of joint movement:
Extension, flexion, rotation, and circumduction.
Extension
straightens a limb
Flexion
bends a limb
Rotation
movement of bone around its own axis.
Circumduction
circular movement of a limb at the far end.
Ligaments
strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bone or cartilage.
Myasthenia gravis
Fatigue and muscle weakness resulting from a defect in the conduction of nerve impulses.
Dislocation
displacement of a bone from a joint
Fracture
breaking of bone
simple fracture
A bone does not puncture skin
compound fracture
bone has punctured skin
Sprain
injury to a joint that causes pain and disability.
Strain
Excessive use of a part of the body to the point of injury.
Myocele
Fascial hernia. A condition in which a muscle protrudes through its fascial covering
Tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon.
Herniated disc
If the disks between the vertebrae become diseased, they sometimes rupture, which can then press on the spinal cord and cause pain.
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower portion of the body and legs. Caused by injury in the lumbar region.
Quadriplegia, tetraplegia
paralysis of the arms and legs
Paresis
motor weakness/ partial paralysis.
Cellulitis
spreading inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissues
Osteitis
is inflammation of a bone and may be caused by infection, degeneration, or trauma
Osteochondritis
is inflammation of bone and cartilage and tends to attack the bone-forming (ossification) centers of the skeleton.
Myelitis
inflammation of either the spinal cord or the bone marrow
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and the bone marrow.
Myel encephalitis
means inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
Metabolic disorders
loss of homeostasis in the body
Osteoporosis
metabolic disease in which reduced bone mass leads to subsequent fractures,
Osteitis deformans (Paget disease)
a skeletal disease of elderly persons characterized by chronic bone inflammation. This results in the thickening and softening of bones and in the bowing of the long bones.
Osteomalacia
a reversible skeletal disorder characterized by a defect in the mineralization of bone.
most common cause is a deficiency of vit. D
Muscular dystrophy
a group of inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy
(wasting) of muscle without involvement of the nervous system, and
progressive disability and loss of strength.
dys- = bad
craniocele
hernial protrusion of the brain through a defect in the skull.
Arthritis
any inflammatory condition of the joints characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness, and limitation of movement.
Osteoarthritis
DJD, a form of arthritis in which one or many joints undergo degenerative changes, particularly loss of articular cartilage
Rheumatoid arthritis
2nd most comm. It is a chronic, systemic (pertaining to the whole body) disease that often results in joint deformities, particularly of the hands and feet
Reduction
pulling the broken fragments into alignment.
closed reduction
manipulation without surgery
arthroplasty.
. Any surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint