the rate of csf is formed
must equal at the rate that is drained
pia mater
inner most layer the gentle mom
menannenges
tissues that surround the brain
arachanoid
on the inside
dura mater
the hard mother on outside
rem sleep
the body has you locked in when you dream
what are the different levels of conciousness
attentiveness,balertness,Relaxation, Innatentiveness
conciusness
state of wakefulness depends one RAs
A cerebellum disfunctions appear how
they have jerky muscle movement and a pears drunk
always check respiration rate its under 10 what should you do
You should hold medication
medulla oblongata
is the vital center
controls heart rate bp and resp
thalmus
serves as a relay station for the sensory info
if you have a deficiency in dopamine
you will have pakinsons
olfactory
lets you smell
occipital lobe
lets you see
temporal lobe
allows you. to hear
where is parietal lobe at
Behind central sulcus
parietal lobe
getting general sensory info called the primary somatoe sensory area
If you damage the broca area what happens
They develope aphasa which they have a hard time speaking
ex cva
decussation
the crossing of nerve fibers from one fibers from one side of brain to the other side
broca area
The part of the brain concerned with speech
key role in voluntary motor function ,personality behavior, emotional expression
frontal lobe
the autonomic nervous system
is part of the pns
how many coccygeal nerves
1
how many lumbar nerves
5
how many thoracic nerves
12
how many cervical nerves
8
If you have abnormal reflexes of cns
may indicate lesions, tumors or neurological diseases like ms
a person will not be able to see if they have a
severed nerve
optic disc is what
the blind spot
what does leretina contain
rods and cone
The baron reflector controls what?
bloodpressure
When your sensor get use to a stimulus is?
Adaption
what happens to a person with a severed optic nerve
They cant see
what nerve tract carries back sensory info
Ascending
The spinal corsd is part of what
part of the cns
thick as your thumb
about 17 inches long
The structure of the eye that avascular and referred to the window of the eye
cornea
The surface of the cerebrum is folded into elevations that resemble speed bumps
gyri or convulations
the part of the brain that is referred to as the vital center
medulla oblongata
what is the enzyme that erases ach
acetylcholinerase
what makes the white mater white
myelin sheath
Mechanoreceptors
Stimulated by changes in pressure or movements of body fluids
Thermoreceptor
stimulated by changes in temp
nociceptors
Pain receptor stimulated by tissue damage or distention
chemoreceptors
stimulated by changes in the chemicals such as hydrogen ion + calcium and food
rods do what in eye
They pick color up, provides us with black and white vision
what happens when circular muscle contract in eye
the pupil constrict
What happens when radial muscle contract
pupil dilate
iris has two eyes muscles
radial muscle and circular muscles
refraction
is the bending of light
fovea centralis
the area that contains the highest concentration of cones
cones are most abundant where
central portion of the retina
rods are most abundant where
periphery
The retina is the inner most layer of the eyeball
The nervous layer contains visual receptors, which are sensitive to light called photo receptors which are cones and rods
how is the pupil eye regulated
by two sets of intrinsic muscles and helps regulate amount of light in eye
cornea reflex
protective function and causes blinking
What is called the window of the eye
the cornea
cornea
covers the area over the iris which is the color part
what are the three layers of eyeball
sclera, retina and choroid
What do tears have
They have losozyme which helps destroy pathogens which helps destroy pathogens prevents infection
Where do tears drain from
lacrimal sac, lacrimal punta, and lacrimal duct
The lacrimal apparatus
it has lacrimal glands and tear ducts its in the upper part of eye which secretes tears towards the nose
eyelashes
Help trap dirt, as well touching eyelids stimulates blinking
The conjunctiva is very vascular
Alot arterys
why must the surface of eye must be kept moist
It will ulcerate and scar eye if you dont
what is conjunctiva
thin mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of eyelids
eyelids aka (palpebrae)
It protects eyes from from foreign objects as well as wash tears over the surface of the eyes
what do the eye brows do?
keep perspiration out of eyes and shades eyes from glaring light,IT participates in facial expression
What are the visual accessory organs
eyebrows, eyelids, conjuntiva, eyelashes, lacrimal apparatus, Extrinistic eye
accessory organs do what ?
Assist with function and protecting the eye from injury
what is the grey matter composed of
cell bodies, interneurons and unmyelinated fibers
The tissue of cns
is white and gray
interneurons
found only in the cns it forms connection between sensory and motor neurons in the brain they play a role in thinking and learning
senosory neurons
carries information from the pns to the cns
motor neuron
make you move
Nervous System
Acts as an interpreter for various organ system.
what is Unmyelinated
Neurons that are not incased in Myelin
What does the myelin do
Protects and insulates the axon
Myelin sheaths
White layer of fatty material that encases most of the nerves fibers of peripheral and central nervous system
WHAT DOES THE MOTOR NEURONS DO?
CARRIES INFORMATION FROM THE CNS TOWARDS THE PERIPHERY .
ALSO CALLED EFFERENT NEURONS
What does the sensory neurons do?
Carries information from-the periphery towards the Cns
also called the Afferent Neurons
What are the 3 types of Neurons
Sensory Neurons,Motor Neurons,Interneurons
What happens at the end of axon
It undergoes extensive branching to form hundreds of thousands of axon terminals this is where chemical neurotransmitters are stored
What does the axon do ?
It transmits information away from the body
what are the parts of the neuron
Dendrite, cell body, axon and Axon terminals
What does it mean when Neurons or Nonmitotic
They do not replicate when they are injured
Neuron
Most important in the transmission of information, it enables the nervous system to act as a vast communication network
What do the Neuroglia's barriers help do ?
The barriers helps prevent toxic substances in the blood stream from entering the nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord(CNS)
What are the most abundant glial cell?
Astrocytes
What does the Neuroglia don't do ?
They don't conduct electrical impulses
Neuroglia
They support insulate , nourish and care for the delicate neurons. Most of the glial cells are located in the cn.
What converts a plan into action
The motor nerves
what do the motor nerves do
The motor nerves convey info from cns towards the muscle glands of the body.They carry the plan out made by cns
integrative functions
The brain recalls the information it then puts everything together it knows about the subject and then makes a plan
If the vagus nerve is damage what happens
Causes hoarseness to the voice or loss of voice , impaired swallowing
baroreceptor/ vagus nerve do what
regulation of blood pressure
glossopharyngeal
carries taste sensation from the posterior of the tongue to the brain
Vestibulococchlear
A sensory nerve that carries information for hearing and balance from inner ear to brain
trigeminal nerve
A mixed nerve with three branches supplying the facial recognition
trochlear nerve
helps move the eye ball if you damage it may cause double vision and inability to rotate the eye properly
oculomotor nerve
A motor nerve that causes contraction of most of the extrinsics muscles
optic nerve
A sensory nerve that carries visual information from the eye to the primary visual cortex
olfactory nerve
A sensory nerve that carries information from the nose to the olfactory area aka smell
AN efferent or motor neuron
carries the nerve impulse away from cns to the the muscles or thigh
What does the sensory function do?
It gathers info from inside and outside of the body environment.The nerves carry the info to the CNS
chemoreceptors
STimulated by changes in
what are the functions of the nervous System?
Sensory function, Integrative function and Motor Function
Where is the peripheral nervous system is located?
PNS is located outside the CNS
Peripheral Nervous System
PNS
Nerves that connect the CNS with the rest of the body
Inside Cns
Aka Central Nervous System
The Brain
The Spinal Cord
What acts as a conductor for the nervous system so that the functions are performed correctly?
The Nervous system