What is the branch of science that studies how the body function.
physiology
Which word comes from the greek meaning dissect.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
the branch of science that describes that describes the consequences of the improper functioning of the body parts
Homeostasis
The body ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to a changing external environment
anterior or ventral
Towards the front surface
ex heart is anterior towards the spine
posterior
towards the back
lateral
away from the midline
medial
towards the midline
proximal
structure is nearer the point of attachment, usually the trunk of the body
ex elbow is proximal to the wrist
distal
part is father away from the point of attachment than is another part
ex wrist is distal to elbow
peripheral
away from the center of the body
ex blood vessels-are located peripherally
sagittal plane
divides the body lengthwise into equal right and left portions
frontal plane
divides the body into anterior (ventral ) and posterior dorsal portions .
what is also called the coronal plane
the frontal plane
transverse plane
Divides the body horizontally, creating upper and lower body
abdominal
anterior trunk just below the ribs
antecubital
anterior trunk below the ribs
brachial
arm
flank
fleshy area along side between the lower ribs and the top of the hip bones
inguinal
area where the hips meet the trunk of the body
patellar
front of the knee
caudal
nearer to the lower region of the spinal column (tailbone)
popliteal
behind the back of knee
what are the two major cavitys
dorsal and ventral
what are the two divisions of the dorsal cavity
cranial cavity and the spinal cavity
where is the ventral cavity at
towards the front of the body
what are the two divisions of ventral cavity
thoracic cavity
abdomino pelvic cavity
Thoracic cavity
located above the diaphragm
surrounded by the rib cage
whats divided into two compartments in the ventral cavity
mediastinum space that contains the heart trachea thymus gland and large blood vessel attached to the heart
pleural cavity
matter
anything that occupy space
chemical change
when the chemical composition of matter is changed
protons
carry a positive charge
electrons carry
a negative charge
neutrons
carry no electrical charge
ions
elements that carry an electrical charge
cation
positively charge
anions
negatively charge
if ph is below 7.35
patient is said to be acidotic
when ph is above 7.45
patient is alkalotic
what regulates the blood ph
buffers, kidneys and lungs
cellmembrane
encases the cel
chief function selection of substances allowed to enter or leave the cell
semipermeable
ability of the cell membrane to choose substances allowed to cross it
what are cel membranes composed of
phospholipids and proteins
nucleus
controls center of cell and controls the workings of entire cell
nucleus
contains genetice info and controls protein synthesis
lysosomal enzymes
breaks down intracellular waste and clean house
passive transport mechanism
water and dissolved substances move without additional energy
passive transport mechanism
diffusion , facilitated diffusion, osmosis and filtrationd
diffusion
movement of a substance from one area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
equilibrium point which no further net diffusion occur
facilitated diffusion
responsible for many substances
osmosis
semipermeable or selectively permeable membrane allows
the greater the concentration the greater the pulling of osmotic pressure
tonicity
ability of a solution to affect the volume and pressure within a cell
isotonic solution
same
hypotonic solution
containing no solute
hypertonic solution
very concentrated solution causing cell to crenate
most iv solution
causes the cell to swell or shrink
active transport
requires atp
endocytosis
intake of food or liquid by the cell membrane
phagocytosis
the cell eating solid particles
metabolism
series of chemical reactions necessary for the use of raw materials
anabolism
includes reactions that build larger more complex substances from simpler ones
catabolism
reactions that break down larger more complex substances into simpler ones
glycogen
is stored primarily in the liver and skeletal muscle
glycogen
is converted into glucose and released into the blood to restore blood sugar to normal
lipids
phospholipidss are important components of the cell membrane
ureas
nitrogen released by the break down of amino acids is converted to urea by the liver
normal flora
organisms that normally and harmoniously live in or on the human body without causing disease
bacteria
makes up the largest group of pathogens
The thigh is blank to the foot
proximal
which region is included within the lower quadrant .
left illiac
which region is included within the right upper quadrant
right hypochondriac
which is located in the ventral cavity but not in thoracic cavity
liver
which cavity is divided into quadrants
abdominopelvic
which organ is located in both the ventral and thoracic cavities
lung
The kneecap is located distal to the
thigh
parenteral route
includes injuries that penetrate the skin mucous membranes such as bites cuts or surgery
vector
insects acts as vectors to transmit disease
ectoparasites
arthropods with jointed legs and include insect and ticks
mycotic infections
pathogenic fungal infections usually localized
name viral diseases
measles mumps influenza polymyelitis and Aids
what diseases are caused by baciili
tetanus and tuberculosis
virus
smallest infectious agent
rickettsia
are often carried by fleas, ticks and body lice
which of the following refers to the area in front of the elbow.
antecubital
the. distal humerous is
closer to the elbow than the axillary area
the proimal end of the thigh bone is
is closer to the inguinal area then the umbilical area
the lungs are located in all the following except
mediastinum
the sagittal plane
splits the body into front and back
the LuQ
inferior to the sternal area
a 26 year old man is scheduled for the surgical repair of a right inguinal hernia.which of the areas is involved surgically
right iliac region
A physician has diagnosed a patient as having a large liver.according to the patients chart, his liver is measured as being two fingers below the costal margin of the rib cage.where was the physician palpating to get this measurement?
right upper quadrant
pinocytosis
ingestion of water droplets
exocytosis
moving of substances out of cell