what are the different reactions by type?
substitution, elimination, addition, oxidation, acid-base.
substituion, explain what this is?
when an atom is replaced by another atom/group
- organic product is still saturated
- two products are made
SUB: alkane to haloalkane
REACT WITH BR2 OR CL2. NEEDS UV LIGHT/ OR HEAT TO OCCUR
SUB: haloalkane to alchahol
REACT WITH KOH (aq) heat
SUB: haloalkane to amine
REACT with conc NH3
what is addition?
What is an addition reaction in chemistry? An addition reaction is a reaction that adds two compounds together to make a new compound. In this reaction, a double or triple bond is broken to form two new single bonds.
ORGANIC PRODUCT IS SATURATED
what is the rich get richer, poor get poorer?
Markovnikov's rule: when more than one product is possible, the hydrogen will end up on the carbon that has more hydrogens bound to it. A memory tip to help you remember that the carbon that already has more bonds to hydrogen will get another hydrogen is "the rich get richer".
whatis elimination?
involve the removal of two groups from a molecule, typically resulting in the formation of a pi bond (double or triple bond). This process is the opposite of addition reactions. These reactions are crucial for transforming saturated compounds (single bonds) into unsaturated compounds (double or triple bonds).
ACL- AKLENE
HALOALKANE- ALKENE
OXIDATION?
In organic chemistry, oxidation refers to a chemical reaction where a molecule experiences an increase in oxidation state, commonly through the loss of electrons, gain of oxygen atoms, or loss of hydrogen atoms. Essentially, it involves making a carbon atom more positive, often by increasing its bonds to more electronegative atoms like oxygen or halogens, or by decreasing its bonds to less electronegative atoms like hydrogen.
COMBUSTION
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, achls are flameable, any buring reaction is known as combustion and oxadition reaction
WHY ARE AMINES BASIC
because the nitrogen atom in their structure has a lone pair of electrons that can be donated to a proton (H+), effectively accepting a proton and acting as a base