Anatomy Exam 1: Muscle Micro Flashcards

top?

middle?

bottom?

What is 1?

What is 2?

What is 3?

What is 4?

What is 5?

What is 6?

what is 1? what muscle will you find it?

what is 2?

CT layers of skeletal muscles: ____, ____, ____

endomysium - surrounds ____ ____ ____; comprised of ____ ____& ____ ____

perimysium - ____ CT ____ ____

epimysium - ____ CT surrounding ____ ____

slow twitch fibers are what type?

Red is what type of fiber?

which fibers are not easily fatigued; endurance

strength of a muscle & direction of its pull determined partly by what? _____ _____ _____ _____

fast twitch fibers are what type?

what fibers are easily fatiqued; power & rapid contraction?

White is what type of fiber?

_____ fuse to form a _____ _____ _____

Type I skeletal muscle fibers are also known as __________ __________ fibers and are classified as __________ twitch.

Type I muscle fibers have high __________ content, abundant __________, and many oxidative __________.

Type I muscle fibers exhibit a __________ __________ __________ reaction velocity.

Type II muscle fibers exhibit a __________ __________ __________ reaction velocity.

Type I fibers are found in deep __________ muscles, as well as other __________ muscles used to maintain __________ posture.

The __________ muscle in the __________ is an example of a muscle rich in Type I __________ fibers.

each muscle cell is surrounded by what? ____ ____

Different types of skeletal muscle fibers are characterized by _____ _____ , _____ _____ , and _____ _____.

Intermediate twitch muscle fibers are classified as Type __________ __________ fibers.

Type IIa fibers are part of fast twitch __________ __________ __________ motor units.

Type IIb fibers have low __________ content, few __________, and low levels of oxidative __________.

Type IIb fibers are primarily found in the __________ muscles of the __________.

all skeletal muscles are composed of what fiber types?

__________ __________ __________ __________

Myofilaments include __________ and __________ filaments. __________ are made up of myofilaments

Muscle fibers contain collections of __________.

______ ______ is the major component of ______ filaments

The __________ filament of skeletal muscle is composed of __________, __________, and the regulatory complex __________ (with subunits TnT, TnC, and TnI).

TnT: __________ __________

TnC: __________ __________

TnI: __________ __________ __________

thick filaments of skeletal muscle myofibrils contain large amounts (~250) of what molecule? _____

Myosin is a __________-shaped, actin-associated __________ protein.

Myosin is a dimer composed of 2 __________ chains and 4 __________ __________ chains. Each myosin head contains binding sites for __________ and __________.

The __________ of myosin molecules aggregate to form the __________ filament.

with H&E staining of skeletal muscle, which bands stain which colors?

A band: ____

I Band: ____

Z Line: ____

the region between 2 successive Z lines is called what?

during skeletal muscle contraction, ____ filaments slide past ____ filaments

During skeletal muscle contraction, the __________ and __________ bands __________ in length.

As contraction occurs, the __________ shortens as the __________ disks are drawn closer together.

The __________ band remains __________ in length during contraction.

I band contains _____ _____ _____

H band contains _____ _____ _____

The M line is a __________, __________ region at the center of the __________ band where __________ __________ __________ are linked.

A band contains ___ & ___ filaments that ___

The Z line is where __________ filaments are bound together by the protein __________.

What is 1? (cross section)

What is 2? (cross section)

What is 3? (cross section)

What is 4? (cross section)

what are responsible for maintaining the precise alignment of thick & thin filaments of skeletal muscle fibers?

_____ _____

Dystrophin is a __________ protein located beneath the __________ and links __________ to __________ via other proteins.

Mutations in the __________ gene cause muscular __________, with onset between __________ and __________ years of age.

Absence of dystrophin causes __________ muscular dystrophy, an __________-linked disorder causing progressive muscle weakness primarily in __________.

DMD: A muscle biopsy shows __________ and __________ myofibers along with increased __________ fibrosis and fat replacement.

DMD: Fibrosis occurs to repair injury when the __________ __________ is disrupted.

DMD: __________ cells serve as stem cells for muscle __________ but this regenerative process has __________.

What has happened?

What has happened?

The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a specialized network of __________ __________ around the __________.

The SR stores and __________ __________ ions.

After muscle contraction, the SR actively __________ __________ back into the __________.

what is the skeletal muscle triad & where does it form

___-___-___at the ___ ___

T-tubules rapidly spread __________ throughout the muscle fiber, causing widespread release of __________ from the __________, facilitating __________ contraction.

Shrinkage of muscle fibers is called __________.

Muscle atrophy can be caused by __________, such as being comatose or immobilized or __________ (__________ __________)

what structures form end to end attachments between cardiac myocytes? _____ _____

T-tubules are __________ in cardiac muscle and located at the __________ __________, whereas in skeletal muscle they are __________ and at the __________ junction.

In cardiac muscle, the T-tubule forms a __________ with the sarcoplasmic reticulum, while in skeletal muscle it forms a __________.

_____ muscle has large __________ spanning the distance between T-tubules; _____ muscle does not.

intercalated discs contain what 3 junctions?

______ ______ , ______ ______ , ______ ______

The macula adherens (MA) reinforces the __________ __________ in the __________ and __________ domains of the intercalated disc.

__________ __________ are the major element of the __________ region of the disc and provide __________ __________.

Fascia adherens (FA) is found in the __________ domain and is the major component stained in H&E; it holds cells at their __________.

Actin filaments of the terminal sarcomere anchor where?

what structures coordinate contraction in cardiac muscle?

_______ _______

Purkinje fibers form __________ __________ to allow rapid electrical signal transmission.

Purkinje fibers are not nerves but act like nerves and conduct __________ __________ rhythmically.

What is this?

purkinje fibers have abundant _____ and _____

what causes MI?

_____ _____ leading to _____ of _____ muscle cells

necrotic tissue following an MI is repaired by what? what happens to function?

_____ _____ _____ - function is _____ in this region of the heart

what % of muscle cell volume is occupied by mitochondria in cardiac vs skeletal muscle?

walls of hollow organs and blood vessels are where you will find ____ ____ ____

these structures in smooth muscle serve same function as z-line in striated muscle: ______ ______

______ is a cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein found in all ______ ______ ______; __________ is additionally present in ______ ______ ______ ______.

what is the Ca2+ binding protein in smooth muscle? ______

smooth muscle cells do not have ______

smooth muscle contain _____, _____ and _____, but no organized _____. Filaments are loosely organized in association with _____ _____.

in smooth muscle, thick filaments are composed of _____ and are surrounded by up to ___ thin filametns

slow & prolonged contraction for what type of muscle?

Hormone _______ stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the _______ _______ _______. The _______ can also cause smooth muscle contraction

Chemical stimuli like __________, __________, and __________ activate second messenger pathways in smooth muscle.

Vascular smooth muscle is stimulated by ____ ____

5 stages of skeletal muscle contraction

1) ______- ______ is bound to ______

5 stages of skeletal muscle contraction

2) ______- ______ is uncoupled from ______ & binds to ______

5 stages of skeletal muscle contraction

3) ______- ______ ______ causes ______ ______ to bend & advance ______ ______ relative to thin filament

5 stages of skeletal muscle contraction

4) ______ ______ - ______ binds to ______ & returns to original conformation ("power stroke")

5 stages of skeletal muscle contraction

5) _______- cycle can repeat

A rapid tap on a tendon causes a quick stretch of the __________ __________, triggering the __________ deep tendon reflex.

The axon terminal of motor neurons forms dilated endings on muscle cells called __________ __________, also known as __________ __________ or __________ __________.

These axon terminals contain __________ __________ filled with the neurotransmitter __________.

When signaled, ACh vesicles __________ with the membrane to release ACh into the __________.

Junctional folds contain __________ receptors; __________ toxin cleaves __________ proteins, blocking ACh release and causing __________.

the part of a muscle cell that contains ACh receptors is called _____ _____

what is defined as a single motor axon and all of the muscle fibers it innervates? _____ _____

Myasthenia Gravis is an __________ disease in which __________ are made against the __________ receptor.

These antibodies bind to __________ membrane receptors, blocking __________ binding and reducing the number of __________ receptor sites.

Myasthenia Gravis is characterized by __________ muscle weakness that improves with __________ and worsens with __________.

Treatment includes __________ inhibitors, __________ agents, and __________ resection if indicated.

what is a stretch receptor found within skeletal muscle? _____ _____

In skeletal muscle, each thin filament is surrounded by __________ thick filaments arranged in a __________ array.

Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by the triad of __________ weakness, __________, and __________ urine.

in ________, traumatic injury to skeletal muscle causes __________ to spill into the circulation from damaged cells.

Excess myoglobin is toxic to __________ tubules and can lead to acute __________ injury.

Rhabdomyolysis can result from extreme __________ or as a side effect of __________ medications.

Connective tissues of skeletal muscle:
Neuronal branches and blood vessels penetrate __________ __________ __________ __________

When Ca2+ concentration is __________, the site on actin where myosin binds is covered and blocked.

When Ca2+ levels go __________, it binds to __________, which changes shape and removes the block between actin and __________.

When Ca2+ is taken back up into the __________, the Ca2+ level in the cell drops, the blocking protein __________ returns to its original position, and actin-myosin binding is __________.

Smooth muscle can divide by __________ to increase cell number, such as in the __________ during pregnancy, and to aid in repair of structures like __________ __________ and the GI tract.

Unlike smooth muscle, __________ and __________ muscle cells do not regularly divide.

Smooth muscle cells secrete components of the connective tissue matrix, including type __________ and type __________ collagen.

rigor mortise is the hardening of the muscles and stiffening of the body that begins ___ to ___ ___ after ___.

Rigor mortis is the postmortem stiffening of muscles caused by depletion of ______, which prevents detachment of ______ ______ from actin filaments.