focuses on identifying and analyzing the form of the text such as the style, structure, plot, theme, imagery, tone, mood, and genre.
Formalist
explores the effect of the writer's gender on his/her work. Under this theory you examine the patterns of thought, behavior, values, and power in relations between the sexes.
Feminist
looking into human behavior (at the conscious and unconscious level).
Psychological
a type of character, detail, image, or situation that appears in literature throughout history, suggesting a set of universal elemental patterns that exist across cultures.
Archetypal
examines how the text is a reflection of its author.
Biographical
is a form of criticism that examines how different religions, ethnicities, class identifications, political beliefs, and views affect the ways in which texts are created and interpreted.
Cultural
explores the power struggle based on societal classes.
Marxist
analyzes a work of literature in its historical context (For example: understanding the time period of the text, author's background, and how the events of the time affect the author and possibly the characters of the text).
Historical
the humorous use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more of its meanings or the meaning of another word similar in sound. For example, the duck said to the waiter to put it on my bill.
Pun
is a literary device that uses symbols, be they words, people, marks, locations, or abstract ideas to represent something beyond the literal meaning.
Symbolism
language that appeals to the senses such as sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch.
Imagery
a direct comparison between two unlike things, usually with the words like or as. For example, the basketball player is like a skyscraper.
Simile
an implied comparison between two relatively unlike things using a form of be. For example, the basketball player is a skyscraper.
Metaphor
A device in which repeated consonant sounds occurring at the beginning of words such as Sally sells sea shells down by the seashore (Letter S is repeated).
Alliteration
gives the qualities of a person to an animal, an object, or an idea.
Personification
use of words that imitate sounds such as tick, pop, buzz, ring, tap, bark, and so on
Onomatopoeia
An exaggerated statement used to heighten effect.
Hyperbole
is a common phrase or expression. For example, the test was a piece of cake.
Idiom
a figure of speech that references a person, place, thing, or event in other literary works. For example, I am Juliet to your Romeo.
Allusion
s a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect such as bittersweet.
Oxymoron
is the repetition of a vowel sound in non-rhyming words such as clap, hands, errands (Short A sound repeated).
Assonance
refers to repetitive sounds produced by a consonant in the middle or end of a word of at least 2 words in a line of poetry such as Mike likes to ride bikes (Letter K repeated).
Consonance
I/we/me
First person
you perspective.
Second person
is when an author says one thing and means something else.
Verbal irony
is when an audience perceives something that a character in the literature does not know.
Dramatic irony
is a difference between what is expected and what happens.
Situational irony
the struggle between two opposing forces
-Character versus
Self
-Character versus Character
-Character versus Society
Conflict
is the main character or principal character or group of characters in a story.
protagonist
the principal opponent or foil of the main character, who is referred to as the protagonist, in a drama or narrative.
Antagonist
characters that contrast each other in order to emphasize traits.
FOIL
a woman's shoe with a thin, high tapering heel.
Stilettos
an outfit complete with accessories, jewelry etc.
Ensemble
black in color; similar to the color of jet or coal.
Sooty
is a covered vehicle without wheels that requires at least four strong people to carry it.
Palanquin
property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage.
Dowry
the person to whom one is engaged.
Betrothed
a two wheel cart used by farmers
Tumbrel
to exploit weaknesses of others
Pander
useless
Otiose
a forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favor of a new system
Revolution