Which of the following was not true of the changing nature of work in the 1950's?
a. Job opportunities were opening to women in the white collar work force.
b. White collar workers were surpassing blue collar workers in numbers.
c. Science and technology drove economic growth.
d. There were fewer jobs in the military-related aerospace industry.
e. Labor unions reached a peak and then began to decline.
d
After World War II ended, most American women
a. pursued college education or formal job training.
b. worked full time outside the home.
c. held part-time jobs in relatively poorly paid occupations.
d. cared for their families and did not work outside the home.
e. pressed for full equality in the workplace.
d
The impact of mass media on religion was reflected in the rise of religious televangelists like
a. Jackie Robinson and Paul Robeson
b. Joseph McCarthy and Richard Nixon
c. Betty Friedan and Josephine Baker
d. David Riesman and John Kenneth Galbraith
e. Billy Graham and Oral Roberts
e
Which of these were NOT among the aspects of 1950's popular culture that conservatives found troubling?
a. Marilyn Monroe
b. Rock 'n roll music
c. Elvis Presley
d. Playboy magazine
e. Novels such as The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit
e
In an effort to overturn Jim Crow laws and the segregated system that they had created, African Americans used all of the following methods except
a. legal attacks on the underpinnings of segregation in the courts.
b. economic boycotts.
c. appeals to foreign governments to pressure the United States to establish racial justice.
d. use of the nonviolent tactics of Mohandas Gandhi.
e. mobilization of black churches on behalf of black rights.
c
In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court
a. supported the "Declaration of Constitutional Principles" issued by Congress.
b. rejected desegregation.
c. ordered immediate and total integration of all American schools.
d. declared that the concept of "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites was unconstitutional.
e. upheld its earlier decision in Plessy v. Ferguson.
d
On the subject of racial justice, President Eisenhower
a. vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1957.
b. had advised against integrating the armed forces.
c. admired the Christian philosophy of Martin Luther King.
d. had demanded the integration of the armed forces as early as 1948.
e. publicly endorsed the 1954 Supreme Court school-desegregation decision.
b
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was an outgrowth of the
a. sit-in movement launched by young southern blacks.
b. ban-the-bomb movement of the 1950s.
c. black power movement of the 1960s.
d. anti-war movement of the 1960s.
e. Civil Rights Act of 1957.
a
The Eisenhower-promoted public works project that was far larger and more expensive than anything in Roosevelt's New Deal was the
a. public housing system.
b. St. Lawrence seaway.
c. interstate highway system.
d. airport construction program.
e. Grand Coulee dam project.
c
As the French fortress of Dien Bien Phu was about to fall to Ho Chi Minh's communist forces in 1954, President Eisenhower
a. agreed to send small military units to aid the French.
b. sought a compromise settlement at Geneva.
c. threatened nuclear attack on the Vietnamese communists.
d. relied on the advice of Vice President Nixon and Secretary of State Dulles.
e. refused to permit any American military involvement.
e
The factor that may have tipped the electoral scales for John F. Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960 was
a. his televised debates with Richard M. Nixon.
b. his religion.
c. his age.
d. his family.
e. President Eisenhower's heavy loss of popularity in his last two years in office.
a
The Beat Generation can be described in all the following ways except
a. they embraced sexual liberation.
b. they promoted interest in bebop jazz and Eastern religious mysticism.
c. their name came from the term "beatnik," meant as a Cold War insult.
d. they formed the protest culture of the late 1950s and early 1960s.
e. in founding their own movement, the hippies later rejected many of the Beat notions.
e
Two postwar American fiction writers, who explored the problems and anxieties of affluence, were
a. Eudora Welty and Flannery O'Connor
b. John Updike and John Cheever
c. Ralph Ellison and James Baldwin
d. Joseph Heller and Kurt Vonnegut
e. Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller
b
In response to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957
a. the United States spent nearly a decade trying to equal this achievement.
b. the federal government began spending billions of dollars to improve American science and mathematics education.
c. the Republican party took responsibility for the fact that the United States had fallen behind the Soviets in this area of scientific discovery.
d. scientists blamed America's slowness on poor math and science education in the schools.
e. Harry Truman condemned the Republicans for allowing a scientific gap to occur.
b
The 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine empowered the president to extend economic and military aid to nations of __________ that wanted help help to resist communist aggression.
a. Southeast Asia
b. Latin America
c. Africa
d. Central and Eastern Europe
e. the Middle East
e
The Suez crisis marked the last time in history that the United States could
a. invoke the Eisenhower Doctrine.
b. condemn its allies for their actions in the Middle East.
c. criticize Israel's foreign policy.
d. use the threat of nuclear war to win concessions.
e. use its oil weapon to make foreign policy demands.
e
During the 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency engineered pro-American political coups in both
a. Egypt and Cuba
b. Lebanon and El Salvador
c. Libya and Costa Rica
d. Iran and Guatemala
e. Iraq and Nicaragua
d
In 1956, the United States condemned ___________ as the aggressors in the Suez Canal crisis.
a. Israel and Turkey
b. Lebanon and Syria
c. Egypt and Jordan
d. Britain and France
e. the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact members
d
In 1956, when Hungary revolted against continued domination by the Soviet Union, the United States under Dwight Eisenhower
a. refused to admit any Hungarian refugees.
b. sent money to the rebels.
c. gave only outdated military equipment to the Hungarian freedom fighters.
d. quickly recognized the new Hungarian government.
e. did nothing to help defeat the communists.
e
During his presidency, Dwight Eisenhower accepted the principle and extended the benefits of
a. the Tennessee Valley Authority.
b. the Social Security system.
c. racial equality.
d. federal health care programs.
e. deficit spending.
b