Many Americans feared that the end of World War II would bring
a. a return of the Great Depression.
b. moral and religious decline.
c. a new war with the Soviet Union.
d. continued fascist resistance in Germany.
e. heightened racial tensions.
a
The Taft-Hartley Act delivered a major blow to labor by
a. creating a serious inflationary spiral.
b. banning labor's political action committees.
c. forbidding union organizers to enter workplaces.
d. outlawing strikes by public employees.
e. outlawing closed (all-union) shops.
e
The passage of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill of Rights) was partly motivated by
a. fear of veterans' postwar protests.
b. a desire to expand the social diversity of American colleges and universities.
c. fear that the labor markets could not absorb millions of discharged veterans.
d. the need of American business for a more highly educated workforce.
e. memories of the mistreatment of the veterans' Bonus Army in the 1930s.
c
One striking consequence of the postwar economic boom was
a. the continued exclusion of most women from the workplace.
b. the growing concentration of wealth at the top of society.
c. the growth of blue-collar employment.
d. the vast expansion of the home-owning middle class.
e. the growing split between urban and rural America.
d
Since 1945, population in the United States has grown most rapidly in the
a. Sunbelt
b. Midwest
c. Northeast
d. Frostbelt
e. Pacific Northwest
a
The refusal of the Federal Housing Authority to grant home loans to black Americans contributed to
a. the growth of savings and loan institutions exclusively for blacks.
b. driving many blacks into public housing.
c. a decline in black migration to the cities.
d. All of these
e. the development of exclusively black suburbs.
b
Children of the baby boom
a. comprised a lucrative market for prepared baby food and other infant products.
b. All of these
c. grew into teenagers who spend $20 billion a year on clothes and music.
e. became the foundation of the youth movements of the 1960s and 1970s.
b
In early 1945, the United States was extremely eager to secure the Soviet Union's participation in the projected invasion of Japan because
a. the Soviets would become so engaged in East Asia that they would not expand further into central Europe.
b. American casualties were expected to be high if only Americans were involved.
c. Roosevelt believed that Stalin's involvement in Japan could help to control the communists in China.
d. without Soviet help, the Japanese could not be defeated.
e. Roosevelt did not want Stalin to become aware of the atomic bomb secret.
b
The crucial origins of the Cold War lay in a fundamental disagreement between the United States and Soviet Union over postwar arrangements in
a. North Africa.
b. the Middle East.
c. the Third World.
d. Eastern Europe.
e. East Asia.
d
Which of the following was not among the early successes of the United Nations?
a. Creating the new state of Israel
b. Preventing warfare over Kashmir and Iran
c. Enhancing global health, food production, and cultural development
d. Guiding former European colonies to independence
e. Stopping the spread of atomic weapons
e
When the Soviet Union denied the United States, Britain, and France access to Berlin in 1948, President Truman responded by
a. asking the United Nations to intervene.
b. denying the Soviets access to West Germany.
c. organizing a gigantic airlift of supplies to Berlin.
d. sending an armed convoy to Berlin.
e. declaring that an iron curtain had descended across Central Europe.
c
The fundamental idea of the containment doctrine, embraced by President Truman, was
a. military competition between the West and the Soviets should be replaced by economic competition.
b. Soviet expansion should be blocked by firm but not aggressive military and diplomatic strength.
c. the West and the Soviet Union should seek to contain the spread of nuclear weapons.
d. the Soviet Union should be gradually forced to give up its sphere of influence in Eastern Europe.
e. the Soviet Union should be prevented from trading with nations in Africa and Asia.
b
Under the Truman Doctrine, the United States pledged to
a. support those who were resisting subjugation by communists.
b. refrain from polarizing the world into pro-Soviet and pro-American camps.
c. work to liberate the captive nations of Eastern Europe.
d. maintain prosperity in America after World War II.
e. give very limited assistance to nations fighting communism.
a
President Truman's Marshall Plan called for
a. substantial financial assistance to rebuild Western Europe.
b. foreign aid for Third World countries to resist communism.
c. economic aid for Japan.
d. an alliance to contain the Soviet Union.
e. military supplies for Britain and France.
a
The United States' participation in NATO
a. marked a dramatic departure from traditional American isolationism.
b. All of these
c. helped to resolve the problem of Germany.
d. reduced the need for increased military spending.
e. reaffirmed America's long-standing commitment to the defense of Western Europe.
a
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek ) and the Nationalist government lost the Chinese civil war to the Communist and Mao Ze-dong mainly because
a. the United States failed to give Jiang enough aid.
b. Mao received much assistance from the Soviet Union.
c. the communists were closer to traditional Chinese culture.
d. Jiang lost the support and the confidence of the Chinese people.
e. communists within the Truman administration undermined Jiang's efforts.
d
Republicans used the communist victory in the Chinese civil war to claim that
a. China now posed a greater threat to the United States than the Soviet Union.
b. East Asia should be given a lesser priority in American policy than Europe.
c. pro-Communist elements in the Truman administration had prevented Chiang Kai-shek from winning.
d. Japan should be given access to nuclear weapons as soon as possible.
e. the United States should force a showdown with China over Korea.
c
In an effort to detect communists within the federal government, President Harry Truman established the
a. Central Intelligence Agency.
b. Smith Act.
c. McCarran Internal Security Act.
d. Loyalty Review Board.
e. Committee on Un-American Activities.
d
President Harry Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur from command of United Nations troops in Korea when
a. the Chinese entered the Korean War after MacArthur said they would not.
b. MacArthur crossed the 38th parallel and entered North Korea.
c. MacArthur began to openly criticize Truman's orders on military policy.
d. MacArthur continued to lose crucial battles.
e. MacArthur began to mock Truman for having been only a captain in the army.
c
By the end of the 1948 presidential campaign, almost everyone expected Governor Thomas Dewey to win because
a. President Truman seemed unpopular and the Democrats had split three ways.
b. Dewey was such a charming and charismatic candidate.
c. the Republicans had finally united their northeastern internationalist and midwestern isolationist wings.
d. Truman had run a listless and defensive campaign.
e. the Republicans had developed a stronger and more progressive domestic platform.
a