In his book, Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis, the Reverend Josiah Strong advocated American expansion to
a. open up new markets for industrial goods.
b. maintain the international balance of power.
c. spread American religion and values to backward nations.
d. demonstrate and maintain white racial superiority.
e. ease labor violence at home.
c
A major factor in the shift in American foreign policy toward imperialism in the late nineteenth century was the
a. closing of the frontier.
b. need for overseas markets for increased industrial and agricultural production.
c. construction of an American-built isthmian canal between the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean.
d. desire for more farmland.
e. need for subservient populations to replace freed slaves
b
Alfred Thayer Mahan argued that
a. the United States should continue its policy of isolationism.
b. free trade was essential to a nation's economic health.
c. the United States should immediately build an isthmian canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
d. control of the sea was the key to world domination
e. the United States should construct a fleet of battleships
d
The near-war between the United States and Britain over the Venezuela boundary crisis ultimately resulted in
a. a growing diplomatic reconciliation between the two English-speaking countries.
b. a brief war between Venezuela and British Guiana.
c. stationing United States marines along the disputed border.
d. British concessions of the disputed territory to Venezuela.
e. a naval arms race between the United States and Britain.
a
One reason that the white sugar lords tried to overthrow native Hawaiian rule and annex the islands to the United States was they
a. found the government of Queen Liliuokalani repressive and inefficient.
b. wanted to convert the native Hawaiians and East Asian immigrants to Christianity.
c. intended to force the growing native Hawaiian population to become indentured plantation laborers.
d. feared that Japan might intervene in Hawaii on behalf of abused Japanese imported laborers.
e. sought to control American foreign policy in the Pacific.
d
Which of the following prominent American leaders was least enthusiastic about U.S. imperialistic adventures in the 1890s?
a. Theodore Roosevelt
b. Grover Cleveland
c. Alfred Thayer Mahan
d. William McKinley
e. William Randolph Hearst
b
Hawaii's Queen Liliuokalani was forced from power in 1893 because
a. Hawaiian agriculture had failed under her leadership.
b. she refused to allow Christian missionaries in her country.
c. President Grover Cleveland believed that U.S. national honor required control of the Hawaiian government.
d. many Hawaiians found her rule corrupt.
e. she opposed annexation to the United States and insisted that native Hawaiians should continue to control Hawaii.
e
The actual purpose of the battleship Maine's visit to Cuba was to
a. offer a way for Cuban rebels to escape to Florida.
b. prepare for the intervention by the U.S. marines if necessary.
c. stop rioting by the Cuban rebels.
d. protect and evacuate American citizens from the island.
e. provoke a war with Spain.
d
The Teller Amendment
a. stated that Cuba would become an American possession.
b. directed President McKinley to order American troops into Cuba.
c. guaranteed that the United States would support Cuban independence after Spain was ousted.
d. granted the United States a permanent base at Guantanamo Bay.
e. appropriate funds to combat yellow fever in Cuba.
c
President William McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain mainly because
a. the Teller Amendment guaranteed that the United States would not establish colonial control of Cuba.
b. the American public and many leading Republicans demanded it.
c. the Spanish government had directly insulted the United States.
d. the business community favored it.
e. it became clear that there was no other way to obtain Cuban independence.
b
The Philippine nationalist who led the insurrection against both Spanish rule and the later United States occupation was
a. Jonathon Martinez
b. Emilio Aguinaldo
c. Dupuy de Lome
d. Valeriano Weyler
e. Pasqual de Cervera
b
The most successful American military action during the Spanish-American War was largely due to
a. the efficient logistical support for U.S. forces provided by the War Department.
b. the well-trained U.S. Army.
c. effective collaboration between U.S. forces and Cuban and Filipino rebels.
d. effective use of the new steel navy.
e. the strategic skill of U.S. military leadership.
d
The greatest loss of life for American fighting men during the Spanish-American War resulted from
a. the war in the Philippines.
b. land battles in the Cuban campaign.
c. sickness in both Cuba and the United States.
d. the bungling of unprofessional military volunteers
e. naval battles in the Caribbean.
c
All of the following became possessions of the United States under the provisions of the Treaty of Paris with Spain except
a. the Philippine Islands.
b. Manila
c. Puerto Rico
d. Hawaii
e. Guam
d
American imperialists who advocated acquisition of the Philippines especially stressed
a. their potential as a military base for defense of the Pacific.
b. their strategic advantage for American naval operations.
c. their economic potential for American businessmen seeking trade with China and other Asian nations.
d. the Filipino's own preference that their archipelago become an American protectorate.
e. the opportunity that they presented for Christian missionary work.
c
Anti-imperialists presented all of the following arguments against acquiring the Philippine Islands except that
a. imperialism was likely to be more costly than profitable
b. despotism abroad might lead to despotism at home.
c. it would violate "the consent of the governed" philosophy of the Declaration of Independence.
d. annexation would propel the United States into the political and military cauldron of East Asia.
e. the islands were still rightfully Spain's, since they were taken after the armistice had been signed.
e
Starting in 1917, many Puerto Ricans came to the mainland United States seeking
a. employment
b. to learn English
c. independence
d. citizenship
e. political refuge
a
On the question of whether American laws applied to the overseas territory acquired in the Spanish-American War, the Supreme Court ruled in the Insular Cases that
a. the American Constitution and laws did not apply to U.S. colonies.
b. only tariff laws could be enforced.
c. federal but not state laws applied.
d. the president could determine which U.S. laws applied in U.S. colonies.
e. only the Bill of Rights applied.
a
The American war against the Philippine insurrectionists promoting Philippine independence
a. was highly popular in the United States.
b. was waged in accord with traditional American ideals.
c. resulted in torture and atrocities committed by both sides.
d. was won with fewer casualties than the war in Cuba.
e. was remarkable for its avoidance of civilian casualties.
c
Many Americans became concerned about the increasing foreign intervention in China because they
a. wanted the United States to have exclusive trade rights with the Chinese.
b. feared German military domination of China.
c. feared that American missions would be jeopardized and Chinese markets closed to non-Europeans.
d. believed that such intervention undermined Chinese sovereignty.
e. disliked the superior racial attitudes displayed by the Europeans toward the Chinese.
c
America's initial Open Door policy was essentially an argument to promote
a. military protection for the Chinese emperor.
b. equal spheres of influence in China.
c. exclusive trade concessions for the U.S. in Shanghai.
d. free trade in China.
e. the principle of self-determination.
d
China's Boxer Rebellion was an attempt to
a. overthrow the corrupt Chinese government.
b. throw out or kill all foreigners.
c. establish American power in the Far East.
d. restore traditional Chinese religion.
e. destroy the Open Door policy.
b
Construction of an isthmian canal across Central America was motivated mainly by
a. a desire to improve defense by allowing rapid naval movements between two oceans.
b. the British rejection of the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty.
c. America's growing economic interests in Asia.
d. the Panamanian Revolution.
e. American economic interests in Central America.
a
Theodore Roosevelt strongly encouraged the Panamanians to revolt against Columbia because
a. he regarded the Columbians as racially inferior.
b. he thought they would not charge as much for a canal route as the Columbians.
c. Roosevelt was personal friends with the Panamanian engineer Bunau-Varilla.
d. he wanted to establish a permanent U.S. military base in the region.
e. the Columbian senate had rejected the American offer to buy a canal route across Panama.
e
The Roosevelt Corollary added a new provision to the Monroe Doctrine that was specifically designed to
a. establish a friendly partnership with Britain so that it could join the United States in policing Latin American affairs.
b. enabled the United States to rule Puerto Rico and the Canal Zone.
c. stop European colonization in the Western Hemisphere.
d. restore cordial relations between the United States and Latin American countries.
e. justify U.S. intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries.
e
The United States' frequent intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries in the early twentieth century
a. was a "Bad Neighbor" policy that left a legacy of ill will and distrust of the United States throughout Latin America.
b. departed from Theodore Roosevelt's big-stick diplomacy.
c. was appreciated in the region as an effective cloak of defense against European threats.
d. was intended to spread democracy in the region.
e. established political stability in the area.
a
The primary diplomatic result of Roosevelt's diplomatic ending of the Russo-Japanese War was that
a. China began to seek an alliance with the United States in order to check Japan and Russia.
b. the United States began to ally itself with Russia against Japan.
c. U.S. relations with Russia improved.
d. both Japan and Russia became increasingly hostile to the United States.
e. U.S. relations with Japan improved.
d
Historians have argued that race and gender were important in Roosevelt's and other's justifications for imperialism because these imperialists
a. claimed American society had lost touch with manly virtues.
b. saw the nation as becoming soft and feminine since the frontier closed.
c. regarded blacks as primitive and Anglo-Saxons as civilized.
d. All of these
e. perceived other nations as at the bottom of a strict racial hierarchy.
d