The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was the
a. availability of industrial jobs.
b. compact nature of those large communities.
c. lure of cultural excitement.
d. development of the skyscraper.
e. advent of new housing structures known as dumbbell tenements.
a
The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880
a. were culturally different from previous immigrants.
b. had experience with democratic governments.
c. arrived primarily from Germans, Sweden, and Norway.
d. represented nonwhite racial groups.
e. received a warm welcome from the Old Immigrants.
a
The two immigrant ethnic groups who were most harshly treated in the mid to late nineteenth century were the
a. Spanish and Greeks
b. Germans and Swedes
c. Irish and Chinese
d. French and Russians
e. Japanese and Filipinos
c
While big city political bosses and their machines were often criticized, they proved necessary and effective in the new urban environment because
a. they consistently upheld high ethical standards.
b. they were more effective in serving urban immigrants' needs than weak state or local governments.
c. they were closely allied to other urban institutions like the church and big business.
d. their support for the democratic party helped to balance small-town Republican power.
e. they were better able to leverage grant money from the federal government.
b
In the 1890s, white collar positions for women as secretaries, department store clerks, and telephone operators were largely reserved for
a. African Americans
b. Irish-Americans
c. the college-educated
d. native-born Americans
e. Jews
d
Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following except
a. difficult to unionize
b. willing to work for low wages
c. used as strikebreakers
d. non-English speaking
e. opposed to factory labor
e
The American Protective Association
a. preached the social gospel that churches were obligated to protect New Immigrants.
b. was led for many years by Florence Kelley and Jane Addams.
c. supported immigrant restrictions.
d. established settlement houses in several major cities in order to aid New Immigrants.
e. sought to organize mutual-aid associations.
c
The religious denomination that was most positively engaged with the New Immigration was
a. Mormons
b. Christian Scientists
c. Roman Catholics
d. Episcopalians
e. Baptists
c
The intellectual development that seriously disturbed the churches in the late nineteenth century was the
a. new geological studies.
b. rise of theories of white racial superiority.
c. biology of Charles Darwin.
d. growing feminist assault on theories of male superiority.
e. growing awareness of non-Christian religions.
c
As a leader of the African American community, Booker T. Washington
a. helped to found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
b. discovered hundreds of uses for the peanut.
c. advocated social equality.
d. promoted black political activism.
e. promoted black self-help but did not challenge segregation.
e
The success of the public schools is best evidenced by
a. the large number of average Americans going on to attend college.
b. the large number of students graduating from them.
c. the falling illiteracy rate to just over 10 percent by 1900.
d. the movement of men into the teaching profession.
e. the ways in which they helped assimilate massive numbers of immigrants.
c
Settlement houses, such as Hull House, engaged in all of the following activities except
a. child care
b. instruction in English
c. lobbying for social reform
d. cultural activities
e. evangelical religious instruction
e
The Morrill Act of 1862
a. established women's colleges like Vassar.
b. granted public lands to states to support higher education.
c. established the modern American research university
d. required compulsory school attendance through high school.
e. mandated racial integration in public schools.
b
Black leader, Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois
a. None of these
b. demanded complete equality for African Americans.
c. supported the goals of Booker T. Washington.
d. was an ex-slave who rose to fame.
e. established an industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama.
b
The two late-nineteenth-century newspaper publishers whose competition for circulation fueled the rise of sensationalistic yellow journalism were
a. Horatio Alger and Harlan E. Halsey.
b. Henry George and Edward Bellamy.
c. William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.
d. Edwin L. Godkin and Stephen Crane.
e. Henry Adams and Henry James.
c
American newspapers expanded their circulation and public attention by
a. printing sensationalist stories of sex and scandal.
b. repudiating the tactics of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst.
c. crusading for social reform.
d. printing hard-hitting editorials.
e. focusing on coverage of the local community and avoiding sensationalist material.
a
All of these were factors that increasingly made cities more attractive than farms for young adults except
a. industrial jobs
b. the advent of skyscrapers and suspension bridges
c. electricity, indoor plumbing, and telephones.
d. the lower cost of living.
e. urban nightlife.
d
One of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America was
a. advertising billboards
b. mass-production factories
c. the Sears catalog
d. public transportation systems.
e. large department stores.
e
Most New Immigrants
a. eventually returned to their country of origin.
b. were subjected to stringent immigration restrictions.
c. quickly assimilated into the mainstream of American life.
d. converted to mainstream Protestantism.
e. tried to preserve their Old Country culture in America.
e
By the late nineteenth century, most Old Immigrant groups from Northern and Western Europe
a. actively promoted the idea of a multicultural America.
b. had largely abandoned their ethnically based churches, clubs, and neighborhoods.
c. were still regarded with suspicion and hostility by the majority of native Americans.
d. still maintained a primary loyalty to their country of origin, especially Ireland or Germany.
e. were largely accepted as American, even though they often lived in separate ethnic neighborhoods.
e
Besides serving immigrants and the poor in urban neighborhoods, settlement workers like Jane Addams and Florence Kelley
a. looked down on the immigrant population they served.
b. saw themselves primarily as feminists who worked to advance women's causes.
c. created the new, largely female profession of teaching.
d. steered clear of controversial international questions like war and peace.
e. actively lobbied for social reforms like anti-sweatshop laws and child labor laws.
e
The new, research-oriented modern American university tended to
a. take the lead in movements of social and political reform.
b. give a new emphasis to the importance of religion and cultural tradition.
c. focus primarily on theory rather than practical subjects.
d. de-emphasize religious and moral instruction in favor of practical subjects and professional specialization.
e. challenge Charles Darwin's theory of organic evolution and natural selection.
d
Booker T. Washington believed the key to political and civil rights for African Americans was
a. the rejection of accommodationist attitudes.
b. economic independence and education.
c. to directly challenge white supremacy
d. the vote
e. rigorous academic training.
b
In the decades after the Civil War, college education for women
a. became more difficult to obtain.
b. resulted in the passage of the Hatch Act.
c. blossomed especially in the South.
d. was confined to women's colleges.
e. became much more common.
e
The growing prohibition movement especially reflected the concerns of
a. big business
b. the new immigrants
c. industrial labor unions
d. the poor and working classes
e. middle class women
e
Which of the following sports was not developed in the decades following the Civil War?
a. Croquet
b. Baseball
c. Bicycling
d. Basketball
e. College football
b
One of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth century was the
a. decline in farm income.
b. stresses of urban life.
c. emerging feminist movement.
d. passage of more liberal divorce laws
e. decline of religious organizations.
b