CHAPTER 24 Flashcards

The lower respiratory tract is protected by all of the following EXCEPT
A. mucous secretions.
B. competition with the normal flora of the lungs.
C. IgA antibodies.
D. alveolar macrophages.
E. the ciliary escalator.

Which one of the following pairings is mismatched?
A. epiglottitis – sore throat
B. pharyngitis – sore throat
C. laryngitis – voice loss
D. sinusitis – headache and nasal mucous
E. otitis media – earache

Members of the group A streptococci (GAS) cause all of the following EXCEPT
A. rheumatic fever.
B. scarlet fever.
C. pharyngitis.
D. epiglottitis.
E. strep throat.

Which one of the following statements about mycoplasmal pneumonia is TRUE?
A. Treatment is tetracyclines.
B. Annual vaccination can prevent infection.
C. The causative agent is a virus.
D. The symptoms resemble pneumococcal pneumonia.
E. The causative agent cannot be cultured.

Which one of the following is NOT a typical symptom of influenza?
A. muscle aches
B. fever
C. headache
D. chills
E. diarrhea

Which one of the following pairings is mismatched?
A. Mycobacterium – acid-fast rod
B. Haemophilus – gram-negative rod
C. Mycoplasma – gram-positive pleomorphic rod
D. Bordetella – gram-negative pleomorphic rod
E. Corynebacterium – gram-positive rod

Which one of the following microorganisms causes symptoms most like tuberculosis?
A. Coccidioides
B. Mycoplasma
C. Influenza virus
D. Legionella
E. Histoplasma

All of the following can lead to a positive tuberculin skin test EXCEPT
A. vaccination.
B. being near someone with tuberculosis.
C. previous tuberculosis infection.
D. current tuberculosis infection.
E. immunity to tuberculosis.

Which one of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its vaccine?
A. tuberculosis – toxoid
B. whooping cough – heat-killed bacteria
C. pneumococcal pneumonia – capsular polysaccharides
D. diphtheria – toxoid
E. influenza – viruses grown in embryonated eggs

Which one of the following diseases has a cutaneous form, especially in individuals over 30 years of age?
A. psittacosis
B. coccidioidomycosis
C. scarlet fever
D. legionellosis
E. diphtheria

Which one of the following requires treatment with both antibiotics and antitoxins?
A. diphtheria
B. whooping cough
C. scarlet fever
D. tuberculosis
E. psittacosis

Which one of the following is mismatched?
A. epiglottitis – Haemophilus
B. psittacosis – Chlamydia
C. melioidosis – Burkholderia
D. Q fever – Rickettsia
E. whooping cough – Bordetella

Which one of the following does NOT cause otitis media?
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Moraxella catarrhalis
C. Coxiella burnetii
D. Haemophilus influenzae
E. Streptococcus pyogenes

Which one of the following causes opportunistic infections in AIDS patients?
A. Aspergillus
B. Rhizopus
C. Mucor
D. Pneumocystis
E. All of the answers are correct.

Which one of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its reservoir?
A. coccidioidomycosis – air
B. psittacosis – parakeets
C. pneumocystis – humans
D. tuberculosis – cattle
E. histoplasmosis – soil

All of the following are true of the common cold EXCEPT
A. it is transmitted via aerosols and contact.
B. the duration of symptoms is approximately one week.
C. it is caused by rhinoviruses and coronaviruses.
D. early treatment will drastically reduce the disease symptoms.
E. complications include laryngitis and otitis media.

Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by the catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages?
A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B. Bordetella pertussis
C. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
D. respiratory syncytial virus
E. Streptococcus pyogenes

Which one of the following is an irregular, gram-positive rod?
A. Burkholderia pseudomallei
B. Pneumocystis jirovecii
C. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
D. Streptococcus pyogenes
E. Bordetella pertussis

Infection by which one of the following results in the formation of Ghon complexes?
A. Blastomyces dermatidis
B. Bordetella pertussis
C. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
E. Streptococcus pyogenes

Which one of the following produces the most potent exotoxin?
A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
B. Bordetella pertussis
C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D. Streptococcus pyogenes
E. Streptococcus pneumoniae

The most effective means of preventing influenza is
A. vector control.
B. annual vaccination.
C. administration of amantadine.
D. isolation of carriers.
E. pasteurization of milk.

Which one of the following is an opportunistic pathogen?
A. Legionella
B. Pneumocystis
C. rhinovirus
D. Mycoplasma
E. Histoplasma

Which one of the following etiologic agents results in the formation of abscesses?
A. Mycoplasma
B. Blastomyces
C. Coccidioides
D. Streptococcus
E. Staphylococcus

The primary victims of the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 were
A. members of the military.
B. residents of Spain; therefore, it was known as the "Spanish Flu."
C. infants and the elderly.
D. young adults.
E. residents of the U.S.

All of the following are used as first-line drugs for treating tuberculosis EXCEPT
A. pyrazinamide.
B. rifampin.
C. isoniazid.
D. fluoroquinolones.
E. ethambutol.

Infection by which one of the following is often confused with viral pneumonia?
A. Coccidioides
B. Streptococcus
C. Mycobacterium
D. Mycoplasma
E. Blastomyces

Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by a red rash?
A. Coccidioides
B. Streptococcus
C. Blastomyces
D. Mycoplasma
E. RSV

Inhalation of arthroconidia is responsible for infection by which one of the following organisms?
A. Blastomyces
B. Coccidioides
C. Streptococcus
D. Mycoplasma
E. Chlamydophila

Soil is a reservoir for the pathogen for all of the following diseases EXCEPT
A. Q fever.
B. melioidosis.
C. histoplasmosis.
D. blastomycosis.
E. coccidioidomycosis.

A patient has pneumonia. Gram-negative rods are cultured on nutrient agar from a sputum sample. The etiology is
A. Legionella pneumophila.
B. Chlamydophila psittaci.
C. Burkholderia pseudomallei.
D. Staphylococcus aureus.
E. Haemophilus influenzae.

The patient is suffocating because of an inflamed epiglottis. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
A. RSV
B. Haemophilus
C. Corynebacterium
D. Mycobacterium
E. Bordetella

The patient has a sore throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
A. Streptococcus
B. Corynebacterium
C, Rhinovirus
D. Bordetella
E. The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

The patient is suffocating because of the accumulation of dead tissue and fibrin in her throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
A. Haemophilus
B. Bordetella
C. Mycobacterium
D. Corynebacterium
E. The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Which one of the following pairings is mismatched?
A. Mycoplasma – walking pneumonia
B. Chlamydophila – psittacosis
C. Coxiella – Q fever
D. Mycobacterium – whooping cough
E. Burkholderia – melioidosis

All of the following are classified as fungi EXCEPT
A. Histoplasma.
B. Blastomyces.
C. Coccidioides.
D. Mycobacterium.
E. Pneumocystis.

Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows thick-walled cysts. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
A. Blastomyces
B. Histoplasma
C. Mycobacterium
D. Coccidioides
E. Pneumocystis

Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows spherules. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
A. Histoplasma
B. Mycobacterium
C. Blastomyces
D. Pneumocystis
E. Coccidioides

Which one of the following statements regarding tuberculosis is FALSE?
A. It is responsible for nearly 2 million deaths per year.
B. At least 1/3 of those who are TB-positive are also HIV-positive.
C. Nearly 1/3 of the world's population shows symptoms of tuberculosis.
D. Nearly 1/3 of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis.
E. Treatment requires at least six months of antibiotic therapy.

A patient has a paroxysmal cough and mucus accumulation. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
A. Burkholderia
B. Mycoplasma
C. Corynebacterium
D. Mycobacterium
E. Bordetella

A patient who presents with red throat and tonsils can be diagnosed as having
A. scarlet fever.
B. streptococcal pharyngitis.
C. the common cold.
D. diphtheria.
E. The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

A patient has fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains, fluid in the alveoli, and a positive tuberculin skin test. Gram-positive cocci are isolated from the sputum. The patient most likely has
A. mycoplasmal pneumonia.
B. the common cold.
C. pneumococcal pneumonia.
D. influenza.
E. tuberculosis.

Which one of the following is responsible for epidemics of respiratory disease in infants?
A. influenza
B. rhinovirus
C. adenovirus
D. Mycoplasma
E. respiratory syncytial virus

Which one of the following is NOT an intracellular parasite?
A. Influenza virus
B. Coccidioides
C. RSV
D. Coxiella
E. Chlamydophila

Which one of the following produces small "fried-egg" colonies on medium containing horse serum and yeast extract?
A. Streptococcus
B. Mycobacterium
C. Chlamydophila
D. Legionella
E. Mycoplasma

Legionella is transmitted by
A. vectors.
B. fomites.
C. person-to-person contact.
D. airborne transmission.
E. foodborne transmission.

Melioidosis is a relatively new disease. Its means of transmission is primarily via
A. contaminated water.
B. blood-borne transmission.
C. inhalation.
D. surgical wound contamination.
E. sexual contact.

The causative agent of melioidosis is
A. influenza virus.
B. RSV.
C. Burkholderia pseudomallei.
D. Mycoplasma.
E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The best diagnostic method for detection of chlamydial pneumonia is
A. biochemical testing of cultured microbes.
B. fluorescent microscopy.
C. direct brightfield light microscopic examination.
D. serological testing of the patient's blood.
E. PCR detection.

In Q fever cases, involvement of which organ/system is responsible for the rare fatalities observed?
A. kidneys/urinary tract
B. central nervous system
C. heart tissue
D. pancreas/endocrine system
E. gastrointestinal tract

In cases of psittacosis, mortality is approximately ________ in the absence of antibiotic therapy via tetracyclines.
A. 80-90%
B. 5-10%
C. 0% (this infection is not lethal)
D. 1-3%
E. 15-20%