Ento exam 1 Flashcards


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1

What is forensic science?

the use of scientific knowledge and technology in civil and criminal matters

2

What is the scientific method in steps?

-make observations that lead to question

-formulate hypothesis

-test hypothesis

-evaluate observations or data

-refine the hypothesis

3

Can you prove a hypothesis is true?

no, it can support/refute a hypothesis

4

What are the taxonomic ranks (broadest to specific)?

-Domain

-Kingdom

-Phylum

-Class

-Order

-Family

-Genus

-Species

5
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Label accordingly

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6

What makes up insects body?

head, thorax, abdomen, antennae, three pairs of thoracic legs

7

Why should we study insects?

-economic importance to agriculture and medicine

-contribute in understanding: disease, predators, pollinators, plant feeders, decomposers

-must abundant of species

8

What are the features of the head?

Ingest food, coordination of bodily activities, sensory perception, protection of coordinating centers

9

What are the features of the thorax?

center of locomotion, made of 3 body segments: prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax

10

-Is used for sensory input: food, mating

-is made of 3 parts: scape, pedicel, flagellomere

Antenne

11

What helps in determining the age of the pupa?

the color (dark is older stage)

12

Comprised of many separate receptors: Ommatidia (produce larger image)

Compound eyes

13

-Simple eyes

- max of 3

-photoreceptors (only sense difference in light)

Ocelli

14

Openings into the tracheal system

Spiracles

15
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Corbicula: pollen basket

16
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(backswimmer) Natatorial: swimming

17
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(mole cricket) Fossorial: digging

18
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(grasshopper) Saltatorial: jumping

19
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(mantid) Raptorial: grasping

20
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(cockroach) Cursorial: running

21

What types of insects are associated with Diptera (2 wings)?

"true flies", gnats, mosquitos

22

What types of insects are associated with Coleoptera (sheath wings)?

beetles

23

What types of insects are associated with Blattodea?

German/American cockroaches, termites

24

Diptera are

disease transmitters

25

Larvae in their 1st instar _____. The 3rd instar lasts about____ days.

Larvae also disperse from the body to ____.

don't move, 4-21, pupate

26

Blattodea can

feed on humans in cases of neglect, filth, and can be confused with bruising

27

What types of insects are associated with Hemiptera (half wings)?

"true bugs", Stink bug, cicadas, tree hoppers

28

What types of insects are associated with Hymenoptera (membrane wings)?

wasps, bees, ants

29

What types of insects are associated with Phthiraptera (lice)?

pubic lice, head lice

30

The feeding behavior of an organism that eats carrion from another animal that it did not kill (coleoptera, diptera,hymenoptera)

necrophagy

31

What are the factors affecting necrophagous insect populations?

-Location

-Time (year, weather, stage of decomp.)

-Associated organisms ( presence or absence of parasites, predators, scavengers)

32

Necrophagous insects use carrion for

feeding, breeding, and mating

33
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Label each parts

A. head B. thorax C. abdomen 1. antenna 2. compound eyes

3. femur 4. elytra (hardened win) 5. tibia 6. tarsus 7. claws 8. mouthparts 9. prothorax 10. mesothorax 11. metathorax 12. abdominal sternites 13. pygidium

34

Coleoptera have a ______life cycle

holometabolous (look diff. from adult)

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-larvae make circular holes

-adults make jagged holes

-skin, hide, carpet beetles

-stored products

-frass feces indicatos

- appear in late stages of decomp. (dry & skeletal)

Dermestidae

36
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-Rove beetles

-have short elytra with exposed abdomen

-predators/scavengers

-present in bloat phase

-only show up if other insects are present

Staphylinidae

37
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- Carrion/burying beetles

- development about 1 month

-scavengers/predators

-bury carcasses to keep to themselves and lay eggs

- appear when immature flies are present

-sexton beetle

Silphidae

38
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-found in later decomp. stage

-predators

- checkered beetle, red-legged ham beetle,

-like dry stages of decomp

-like flowers

Cleridae

39
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-Darkling beetle

-stored products

Tenebrionidae

40
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-pyramid shape

-large to small:( abdomen>thorax>head )

-ground beetle

-predators

Carabidae

41
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-Hide beetle

-oval, soil incrusted, warty appearance

- dry/later stages of decomp.

Trogidae

42
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-sap beetle

-clubbed antennae

- punctured elytra(pits)

- stored products and medico-legal

- prefer late stages of decomp. but moist

Nitidulidae

43
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- clown beetle

- show up in mass

-boxy head

- round, shiny/metallic black/green

-predators feed on carcasses and other insects

- bloat- dry stage of decomp.

-active at night

Histeridae

44
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-scarab beetle, dung beetle

-antennae composed of lamellae(plates)

-stout body

- late in decomp

-larvae are grubs (c-shaped)

-front legs broad for digging (fossorial-dig)

-wider, broader head

Scarabaeidae

45
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46

LARVAE:

-most important in coleoptera

-somewhat flattened

-elongated body

- cerci

-antenna

-well-developed thoracic legs(oligopod)

-catch prey

Examples: Neuroptera, Trichpotera, coleoptera

Campodeiform

47

What suborder has:

body shape: house fly like

pupae: coarctate (cannot move)

Antennae cf.: usually shorter than the head

Brachycera

48

Diptera has a ___life cycle and it includes:

holometabolous,

-3-5 instars

-pupa

-development 2 weeks

-200-400 eggs

49

Larvae in their 1st instar they _____. The 3rd instar lasts about____ days.

Larvae also disperse from the body to ____.

don't move, 4-21, pupate

50

Important larval morphology consists of

-mouth hooks

-spiracles

-Anterior and posterior

-have spiracles in both places to breathe

-determine age by slits

51
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- #1 species in Texas

-secondary screwworm

-summer species

- bright yellow gena

- has longitudinal stripes on thorax

-white thoracic spiracle

-engage in myiasis

-primary colonizer of remains in Southern US

-likes fresh remains and doesn't infest living tissue

Cochliomyia macellaria

52

-Feed on living tissue

- Eradicated from the US

-larvae have pigmented tracheal trunks

-sterilized males to stop reproduction

Cochliomyia hominivorax

53
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-Hairy maggot blow fly

-Southern US

-Summer species

- invasive species

-warmer times

-predacious in 2nd/3rd instar (cannibalistic)

-usually 2nd to colonize

-Bullet shaped, green/blue/copper

-white gena, white spiracles

-one of two most common on human remains

Chrysomya rufifacies

54
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-Southern US

-warmer weather & humidity

-Large red eyes, Box-y body, Gena yellowish-orange, Anterior spiracle
dirty brownish

-males eyes are together and females eyes re farther apart

-invasive and widely distributed over Asia and Australian regions

Chrysomya megacephala

55
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-Black blow fly

-abundant in early spring and fall in TX

-scavenger

-bright orange spiracles, black gena

-Secondary colonizers: colonize 10-24 hours after death

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phormia regina

56
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1: Muscidae

2: Sarcophagidae

3 and 4: Calliphoridae

57

Holometabolous life cycle characteristics

-Immature stage looks like same as mature stage? NO

-Wing develop on the outside of their bodies? NO

-The immature is called: larva

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58

Hemimotabolous life cycle characteristics:

-Complete development? NO

-Immature stage looks the same as adult? Similar but no

-Wings develop on outside of bodies? YES

-Immature stage is called: Naiad(aquatic)

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59

Paurometabolous life cycle characteristics:

-Complete development? NO

-Immature stage looks the same as adult? Similar but no

-Wings develop on outside of bodies? YES

-Immature stage is called: Nymph(terrestial)

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60

Ametabolous life cycle characteristics:

-Complete development? NO

-Immature stage looks the same as adult? YES

-Wings develop on outside of bodies? WINGLESS

-Immature stage is called: Nymph

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61
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..

62

What are the factors affecting development?

-temperature

-nutrient

-drugs

63

Stages of decomposition

fresh, bloat, active decay, advanced decay, dry, remains

64

What hormones are involved in molting?

-Ecdysone: spike before molt stage

-PTTH: stimulates production of Ecdysone

-JH: tells insect if it's larvae or adult(when pupating, the have no JH)

65

LARVAE:

-caterpillar-like

-head well-developed

-short antenna

-has prolegs

-slow moving

-thoracic legs(polypod)

Example: Lepidoptera, Mecoptera, some Hymenoptera(sawflies)

Eruciform

66

LARVAE:

-grub-liked (c-shaped)

-head well-developed

-don't have prolegs

-immobile

-thoracic legs (oligopod)

Examples: Coleoptera, June beetle

Scarabaeiform

67

LARVAE:

-most important in coleoptera

-somewhat flattened

-elongated body

- cerci

-antenna

-well-developed thoracic legs(oligopod)

-catch prey

Examples: Neuroptera, Trichpotera, coleoptera

Campodeiform

68

LARVAE:

-hard-shelled

- wireworm

-elongated body

-short legs(oligopod)

-store product issues

-cylindrical

Examples: coleoptera

Elateriform

69

LARVAE:

-elongated body

-somewhat dorsoventrally flattened

-legless with a head capsule (apod)

Example: Long-horned beetles, wood borers

Cerambycoid

70

LARVAE:

- Maggot-like

- Elongated/ worm-like

- legless(apod)

-not well developed head

Examples: Diptera, Siphonaptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera

Vermiform(fly)

71

What do forensic entomologists do?

-Identify arthropod evidence

- Determine its usefulness

- estimate time of death

72

Time of colonization is not necessarily_________

time of death

73

What is frass?

is dry, long, and stringy means there are dermestidae

74

How are wasps (vespidae) forensically significant?

they remove flesh from bodies

75

How are ants (formicoidae) forensically important?

cause damage that look like burns

76

Larvae is fully formed till the ____instar

3rd