An environment may contain some microbes and still be considered sterile.
True
Some viruses are inactivated by the same chemical or physical agents
that damage
cytoplasmic membranes.
True
UV light has the most effect on protein structure.
False
Antimicrobial agents usually work best at high temperatures and pH levels.
False
The phenol coefficient is one of the most widely used measurements of
an antimicrobial
agent's effectiveness.
False
No chemical or antimicrobial agents inactivate prions.
False
The decimal reduction time is the time required to kill all the microbes in a given sample.
False
Slow freezing is more damaging to microbial cells than quick freezing.
True
Hydrogen peroxide is an effective antiseptic.
False
By themselves, soaps have only degerming activity, not antimicrobial activity.
True
Reactions that are both catabolic and anabolic are
amphibolic
True
NAD+ and NADP+ are important examples of both coenzymes and electron carriers
True
Environmental changes can result in the inactivation of
enzymes.
True
As the concentration of substrate increases, the activity of the enzyme decreases
False
Ribozymes are enzymes that cleave the subunits of the
ribosome
False
During chemiosmosis, electrons are pumped across a membrane to produce ATP
False
Fermentation pathways provide a cell with an alternative way to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis.
True
Glucose is used as an energy source only when proteins and fats are not available.
False
Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be synthesized by an organism and so must be provided as nutrients.
True
The pentose phosphate pathway generates all the necessary precursors for nucleotide biosynthesis.
False
Paul Erhlich coined the term antibiotics for the "magic bullet" antimicrobials he pursued
False
Antisense nucleic acids are designed to have no side effects against humans
True
Beta-lactam drugs act by inhibiting formation of the cytoplasmic membrane
False
Because all cells engage in protein synthesis, there are few antimicrobial drugs that selectively inhibit this process.
False
Many antimicrobial drugs that affect the cytoplasmic membrane are used only externally because they can be toxic to humans
True
Some bacterial cells are resistant to a variety of antimicrobials
because they actively pump the
drugs out of the cell
True
The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria enables many antimicrobial drugs to enter the cell more easily.
False
If a subculture of an MIC test grows in an MBC test, the
concentration of the drug was
bactericidal
False
Brain and spinal cord infections are difficult to treat because most antimicrobial drugs cannot diffuse out of the blood into these organs
True
Organs that are commonly affected by drug toxicity include the kidneys and the liver
True