In post-Civil War America, Indians surrendered their lands only when
they
a. chose to migrate farther west.
b. received solemn
promises from the government that they would be left alone and
provided with supplies on the remaining land.
c. lost their
mobility as the whites killed their horses.
d. were allowed to
control the supply of food and other staples to the
reservations.
e. traded land for rifles and blankets.
B
In the warfare that raged between the Indians and the American
military after the Civil War, the
a. Indians were never as well
armed as the soldiers.
b. the U.S. army was able to dominate with
its superior technology.
c. there was often great cruelty and
massacres on both sides.
d. Indians proved to be no match for the
soldiers.
e. Indians and soldiers seldom came into face-to-face combat.
C
The Indians battled whites for all the following reasons except
to
a. rescue their families who had been exiled to
Oklahoma.
b. avenge savage massacres of Indians by
whites.
c. punish whites for breaking treaties.
d. defend
their lands against white invaders.
e. preserve their nomadic way
of life against forced settlement.
A
Match each Indian chief below with his tribe.
A. Chief Joseph 1.
Apache
B. Sitting Bull 2. Cheyenne
C. Geronimo 3. Nez
Perce
4. Sioux
a. A-1, B-2, C-3
b. A-3, B-4,
C-1
c. A-2, B-4, C-3
d. A-4, B-3, C-2
e. A-1, B-3, C-4
B
As a result of the complete defeat of Captain William Fetterman's
command in 1866
a. the government sent extensive military
reinforcements to the Dakotas and Montana.
b. the government
abandoned the Bozeman Trail and guaranteed the Sioux their
lands.
c. the government adopted a policy of
"civilizing" the Indians rather than trying to conquer
them.
d. white settlers agreed to halt their expansion beyond the
100th meridian.
e. the conflict between the U.S. army and the
Sioux came to a peaceful end.
B
The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender
a. because
they were decimated by their constant intertribal warfare.
b.
when they realized that agriculture was more profitable than
hunting.
c. after such famous leaders as Geronimo and Sitting
Bull were killed.
d. when the army began using artillery against
them.
e. by the coming of the railroads and the virtual
extermination of the buffalo.
E
The Nez Perce Indians of Idaho were goaded into war when
a. the
Sioux sought their land.
b. gold was discovered on their
reservation.
c. the federal government attempted to put them on a
reservation.
d. the Canadian government attempted to force their
return to the United States.
e. their alliance with the Shoshones
required it.
B
The buffalo were nearly exterminated
a. as a result of being
over hunted by the Indians.
b. when their grasslands were turned
into wheat and corn fields.
c. when their meat became valued in
eastern markets.
d. by disease.
e. through wholesale
butchery by whites.
E
A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the dismal history of
Indian-white relations, was authored by
a. Harriet Beecher
Stowe.
b. Helen Hunt Jackson.
c. Chief Joseph.
d.
Joseph F. Glidden.
e. William F. Cody.
B
The nineteenth century humanitarians who advocated "kind"
treatment of the Indians
a. had no more respect for traditional
Indian culture than those who sought to exterminate them.
b.
advocated allowing the Ghost Dance to continue.
c. opposed
passage of the Dawes Act.
d. understood the value of the Indians'
religious and cultural practices.
e. advocated improving the
reservation system.
A
To assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act did all of
the following except
a. dissolve many tribes as legal
entities.
b. try to make rugged individualists of the
Indians.
c. wipe out tribal ownership of land.
d. promise
Indians U.S. citizenship in twenty-five years.
e. outlaw the
sacred Sun Dance.
E
The United States government's outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost)
Dance in 1890 resulted in the
a. Battle of Wounded Knee.
b.
Sand Creek massacre.
c. Battle of Little Big Horn.
d. Dawes
Severalty Act.
e. Carlisle Indian School.
A
The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian
a.
prosperity.
b. annihilation.
c. assimilation.
d.
culture.
e. education.
C
Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Dawes
Severalty Act is passed; (B) Oklahoma land rush takes place; (C)
Indians are granted full citizenship; (D) Congress restores the tribal
basis of Indian life.
a. A, B, C, D
b. B, A, C, D
c. A, D, B, C
d. D,
C, A, B
e. C, B, D, A
A
The enormous mineral wealth taken from the mining frontier of the
West
a. solved the Indian problem.
b. solved the currency
problem.
c. enabled the West to be free of federal
interference.
d. profited individual prospectors but not
corporations.
e. helped to finance the Civil War.
E
The mining frontier played a vital role in
a. bringing law and
order to the West.
b. attracting the first substantial white
population to the West.
c. enabling the government to go off the
gold standard.
d. ensuring that the mining industry would remain
in the hands of independent, small operations.
e. forcing the
Indians off the Great Plains.
B
The bitter conflict between whites and Indians intensified
a.
during the Civil War.
b. as a result of vigilante
justice.
c. when big business took over the mining
industry.
d. as the mining frontier expanded.
e. after the
Battle of Wounded Knee.
D
The wild frontier towns where the three major cattle trails from
Texas ended were
a. Kansas City, Kansas; Pueblo, Colorado; and
Laramie, Wyoming.
b. Tulsa, Oklahoma; Santa Fe, New Mexico; and
Denver, Colorado.
c. Topeka, Kansas; Omaha, Nebraska; and Casper,
Wyoming.
d. Abilene, Kansas; Ogallala, Nebraska; and Cheyenne,
Wyoming.
e. Atchison, Kansas; Greeley, Colorado; and Bozeman, Montana.
D
One problem with the Homestead Act was that
a. the government
continued to try to maximize its revenue from public lands.
b.
160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain scarce
Great Plains.
c. Midwestern farmers had to give up raising
livestock because of stiff competition with the West.
d. the
railroads purchased most of this land.
e. it took several years
to earn a profit from farming.
B
The Homestead Act assumed that public land should be administered in
such a way as to
a. raise government revenue.
b. conserve
natural resources.
c. favor large-scale "bonanza"
farms.
d. guarantee shipments for the railroads.
e. promote
frontier settlement.
E
The Homestead Act
a. sold more land to bona fide farmers than to
land promoters.
b. was a drastic departure from previous
government public land policy designed to raise revenue.
c. was
responsible for the sale of more land than any other agency.
d.
managed to end the fraud that was common with other government land
programs.
e. was criticized as a federal government giveaway.
B
A major problem faced by settlers on the Great Plains in the 1870s
was
a. the high price of land.
b. the low market value of
grain.
c. the scarcity of water.
d. overcrowding.
e.
the opposition of miners.
C
In the long run, the group that probably did the most to shape the
modern West was the
a. trappers.
b. miners.
c. railroad
men.
d. cowboys.
e. hydraulic engineers.
E
"Sooners" were settlers "who jumped the gun" in
order to
a. pan gold in California.
b. stake claims in the
Comstock Lode in Nevada.
c. claim land in Oklahoma.
d. drive
the first cattle to Montana and Wyoming.
e. grab town sites in
the Dakotas
C
Among the following, the least likely to migrate to the cattle and
farming frontier were
a. eastern city dwellers.
b. eastern
farmers.
c. recent immigrants.
d. blacks.
e. Midwestern farmers.
A
In 1890, when the superintendent of the census announced that a
stable frontier line was no longer discernible,
a. the Homestead
Act was repealed.
b. little land remained for public
sale.
c. Americans were disturbed that the free land of the West
was gone.
d. there were no more isolated bodies of
settlement.
e. all the western territories had been admi
C
Which of the following provides the least valid support for the
theory that the frontier served as a "safety valve" for
American social discontent and economic conflict?
a. Free western
land attracted many immigrant farmers who might have crowded urban job
markets.
b. The possibility of westward migration encouraged
eastern employers to pay higher wages.
c. Farmers frequently
migrated after earning a profit from the sale of land.
d. Eastern
city dwellers headed west to get free homesteads during
depressions.
e. Western cities became places of opportunity for
failed farmers and easterners alike.
D
Cities Denver and San Francisco did serve as a major "safety
valve" by providing
a. a home for new immigrants.
b.
recreational activities for its inhabitants.
c. a home for failed
farmers and busted miners.
d. none of the above.
e. all of
the above.
C
The area of the country in which the federal government has done the
most to aid economic and social development is
a. the
West.
b. the Midwest.
c. the South.
d. the
Northeast.
e. Appalachia.
A
The real "safety valve" in the late nineteenth century
was
a. the western cities.
b. the Western frontier.
c.
Canada.
d. Hawaii.
e. Texas.
A
In the decades after the Civil War, most American farmers
a.
became attached to their family farms.
b. diversified their
crops.
c. became increasingly self-sufficient.
d. saw their
numbers grow as more people moved west.
e. grew a single cash crop.
E
The root cause of the American farmers' problem after 1880
was
a. urban growth.
b. foreign competition.
c. the
declining number of farms and farmers.
d. the shortage of farm
machinery.
e. overproduction of agricultural goods.
E
In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the volume of
agricultural goods____________, and the price received for these goods
____________
a. increased; decreased.
b. decreased;
increased.
c. increased; also increased.
d. decreased; also
decreased.
e. increased; stayed the same.
A
Late-nineteenth-century farmers believed that their difficulties
stemmed primarily from
a. low tariff rates.
b.
overproduction.
c. a deflated currency.
d. immigration
laws.
e. the federal government.
C
With agricultural production rising dramatically in the post-Civil
War years,
a. more farmers could purchase land.
b. tenant
farming spread rapidly throughout the Midwest and South.
c.
bankruptcies declined.
d. western farmers prospered, while
southern farmers had grave troubles selling their cotton.
e. the
government began encouraging the development of "soil banks."
B
Farmers were slow to organize and promote their interest because
they
a. were not well educated.
b. did not possess the money
necessary to establish a national political movement.
c. were
divided by the wealthier, more powerful manufacturers and railroad
barons.
d. were too busy trying to eke out a living.
e. were
by nature highly independent and individualistic.
E
The first major farmers' organization was the
a. Patrons of
Husbandry.
b. Populists.
c. Greenback Labor party.
d.
Farmers' Alliance.
e. American Farm Bureau.
A
The original purpose of the Grange was to
a. get involved in
politics.
b. support an inflationary monetary policy.
c.
stimulate self-improvement through educational and social
activities.
d. improve the farmers' collective plight.
e.
support the Homestead law.
C
In several states, farmers helped to pass the "Granger
Laws," which
a. raised tariffs.
b. lowered mortgage
interest rates.
c. allowed them to form producer and consumer
cooperatives.
d. prohibited bankruptcy auctions.
e.
regulated railroad rates.
E
The Farmers' Alliance was formed to
a. provide help to northern
farmers.
b. provide opportunities for higher education.
c.
end the rise of tenant farming.
d. help landless farmers gain
property.
e. take action to break the strangling grip of the railroads
E
The Farmers' Alliance was especially weakened by
a. political
ineptitude.
b. the exclusion of black farmers.
c. corrupt
leadership.
d. the failure to target landowners.
e. regional
concentration in the South.
B
The Populist Party arose as the direct successor to
a. the
Greenback Labor Party.
b. the Farmers' Alliance.
c. the
Silver Miners' Coalition.
d. the Liberal Republican
Party.
e. the Grange.
B
The Populist Party's presidential candidate in 1892 was
a. James
B. Weaver.
b. William Jennings Bryan.
c. Mary Elizabeth
Lease.
d. Adlai Stevenson.
e. William "Coin" Harvey.
A
Which one of the following was not among influential Populist
leaders?
a. William "Coin" Harvey
b. Ignatius
Donnelley
c. Mary Elizabeth Lease
d. James B. Weaver
e.
Eugene V. Debs
E
In a bid to win labor's support, the Populist Party
a. supported
restrictions on immigration.
b. nominated Samuel Gompers for
president.
c. opposed injunctions against labor strikes.
d.
endorsed workmen's compensation laws.
e. proposed a law
guaranteeing the right to organize and strike.
C
The Populists
a. were the only third party in the nineteenth
century to win electoral votes.
b. gained most of their electoral
votes from the South.
c. received substantial support from
industrial workers.
d. refused to look to the federal government
for assistance.
e. none of the above.
E
During the 1892 presidential election, large numbers of southern
white farmers refused to desert the Democratic Party and support the
Populist Party because
a. they did not think the Populists
represented their political interests.
b. they were not
experiencing the same hard times as Midwestern farmers.
c. the
history of racial division in the region made it hard to cooperate
with blacks.
d. they believed that too many Populists were former
Republicans.
e. they could not accept the Populists' call for
government ownership of the railroads, telegraph, and telephones.
C
Jacob Coxey and his "army" marched on Washington, D.C.,
to
a. demand a larger military budget.
b. protest the repeal
of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act.
c. demand that the government
relieve unemployment with a public works program.
d. try to
promote a general strike of all workers.
e. demand the immediate
payment of bonuses to Civil War veterans.
C
Which one of the following was least sympathetic to workers and
farmers hard-pressed by the Depression of 1893?
a. John P.
Altgeld
b. Richard Olney
c. Eugene V. Debs
d. Jacob
Coxey
e. William Jennings Bryan
B
President Grover Cleveland justified federal intervention in the
Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds that
a. the union's leader,
Eugene V. Debs, was a socialist.
b. strikes against railroads
were illegal.
c. the strikers were engaging in violent attacks on
railroad property.
d. shutting down the railroads threatened
American national security.
e. the strike was preventing the
transit of U.S. mail.
E
Match each individual with his role in the Pullman strike:
A.
Richard Olney 1. Head of the American Railway Union that organized the
strike
B. Eugene V. Debs 2. Governor of Illinois who sympathized
with the striking workers
C. George Pullman 3. United States
attorney general who brought in federal troops to crush the
strike
D. John P. Altgeld 4. Owner of the "palace railroad
car" company and the company town where the strike began
a. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
b. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
c. A-3,
B-1, C-4, D-2
d. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
e. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
C
Labor unions, Populists, and debtors saw in the brutal Pullman
episode
a. proof of an alliance between big business, the federal
government, and the courts against working people.
b. a strategy
by which united working-class action could succeed.
c. the need
for a socialist party in the United States.
d. the potential of
the federal government as a counterweight to big business.
e. the
crucial role of middle class public opinion in labor conflicts.
A
The Pullman strike created the first instance of
a. management
recognition of the right of workers to organize and strike.
b.
government use of federal troops to break a labor strike.
c.
violence during a labor strike.
d. a united front between urban
workers and agrarian Populists.
e. government use of a federal
court injunction to break a strike.
E
The Depression of the 1890s and episodes like the Pullman Strike made
the election of 1896 shape up as
a. a battle between down-and-out
workers and farmers and establishment conservatives.
b. a
conflict between the insurgent Populists and the two established
political parties.
c. a sectional conflict with the West aligned
against the Northeast and South.
d. a contest over the power of
the federal government to manage a modem industrial economy like the
United States.
A
Which of the following was not among the qualifications that helped
William McKinley earn the Republican presidential nomination
in1896?
a. He came from the key electoral swing state of
Ohio.
b. He had gained a national reputation by sponsoring the
high McKinley Tariff Bill.
c. He was a likable Civil War
veteran.
d. He was backed by the skilled political manager and
fund raiser Mark Hanna.
e. He was an energetic and charismatic campaigner.
E
Mark Hanna, the Ohio Republican president-maker, believed that the
prime function of government was to
a. defend against foreign
enemies.
b. maintain a laissez-faire policy.
c. not
"rock the boat" of prosperity.
d. overturn the
"trickle down" theory of economics.
e. aid business.
E
The Democratic party nominee for president in 1896 was __________;
the Republicans nominated __________; and the Populists
endorsed
a. William McKinley; Mark Hanna; William Jennings
Bryan
b. William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; James B.
Weaver
c. William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; William
Jennings Bryan
d. Mark Hanna; William Jennings Bryan; William
Jennings Bryan
e. William Jennings Bryan; Theodore Roosevelt;
William Jennings Bryan
C
All of the following characteristics describe William Jennings Bryan
in 1896 except
a. he had a brilliant mind.
b. he was very
youthful.
c. he was an energetic and charismatic
campaigner.
d. he was an excellent orator.
e. he radiated
honesty and sincerity.
A
William Jennings Bryan gained the presidential nomination of the
Democratic party primarily because he
a. had already gained the
nomination of the Populist party.
b. had the support of urban
workers.
c. possessed a brilliant political mind.
d.
eloquently supported the farmers' demand for the unlimited coinage of
silver.
e. was backed by the Democratic Party establishment.
D
In the election of 1896, the major issue became
a. restoration
of protective tariffs.
b. enactment of an income tax.
c.
government programs for those unemployed as a result of the
depression.
d. the rights of farmers and industrial
workers.
e. free and unlimited coinage of silver.
E
One key to the Republican victory in the 1896 presidential election
was the
a. support of farmers.
b. huge amount of money
raised by Mark Hanna.
c. use of the tariff issue.
d. wide
travel and numerous speeches made by William McKinley.
e. ability
of Republicans to disrupt the solid South.
B
The strongest ally of Mark Hanna and the Republicans in the 1896
presidential election was
a. the drop in wheat prices.
b.
McKinley's vigorous campaigning.
c. fear of the alleged
radicalism of William Jennings Bryan and his free silver
cause.
d. the nearly unanimous support of the nation's trained
economists.
e. the divisions in the Democratic Party.
C
The 1896 presidential election marked the last time that
a.
rural America would defeat urban America.
b. the South remained
solid for the Democratic party.
c. a third party candidate had a
serious chance at the White House.
d. factory workers would favor
inflation.
e. a serious effort to win the White House would be
made with mostly agrarian votes.
E
The 1896 victory of William McKinley ushered in a long period of
Republican dominance that was accompanied by
a. diminishing voter
participation in elections.
b. strengthening of party
organizations.
c. greater concern over civil-service
reform.
d. less concern for industrial regulation.
e.
sharpened conflict between business and labor.
A
As president, William McKinley can best be described as
a.
cautious and conservative.
b. a man of little ability.
c. an
active reformer.
d. a person willing to go against the opinion of
the majority.
e. a skillful negotiator.
A
The monetary inflation needed to relieve the social and economic
hardships of the late nineteenth century eventually came as a result
of
a. the Gold Standard Act.
b. McKinley's adoption of the
bimetallic standard.
c. an increase in the international gold
supply.
d. Populist fusion with the Democratic party.
e. the
creation of the Federal Reserve Board.
C