What is the mechanism of action of allopurinol?
Inhibits the final step of uric production
What do you use allopurinol for?
Gout
What is the brand name of allopurinol?
Zyloprim
What is the pharmacologic class of allopurinol?
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
What is the mechanism of action of acetylsalicyllic acid?
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis to reduce inflammatory response
What is the other mechanism of action of acetylsalicylic acid?
Inhibits platelet aggregation
What do you use acetylsalicylic acid for?
Mild to moderate pain and fever
What is the brand name of acetylsalicylic acid?
Aspirin
What is the pharmacologic class of acetylsalicylic acid?
NSAID
What is an adverse reaction of acetylsalicylic acid?
Tinnitus
You should avoid giving acetylsalicylic acid to children and adolescents under what age?
19
Children and adolescents with chickenpox and flu-like symptoms can develop _____ if given acetylsalicylic acid.
Reye's syndrome
You should avoid taking acetylsalicylic acid with ______ due to increased risk of bleeding.
Anticoagulants
You should avoid taking acetylsalicylic acid with other NSAIDs because of _______
Decreased blood NSAID level and increased risk of adverse GI effects
What is the mechanism of action of naloxone?
Blocks mu, kappa, and sigma receptors in the CNS to reverse opioid effects
What is the pharmacologic class of naloxone?
Opioid antagonist
What is the brand name of naloxone?
Narcan
You would administer naloxone for _______.
Opioid overdose
You would administer naloxone when the respiratory rate is ______.
Less than 10
What is the mechanism of action of valproic acid?
Decreases seizure activity by blocking re-uptake of GABA
What is the pharmacologic class of valproic acid?
Carboxylic acid derivative
What is the brand name of valproic acid?
Depakote
What is valproic acid used for?
Migraines and seizures
What should you monitor a client for when they are taking valproic acid?
Suicidal tendencies
What is the mechanism of action of alendronate?
Reduces activity of cells that cause bone loss & increases bone mass
What is the pharmacologic class of alendronate?
Biphosphonate
What is the brand name of alendronate?
Fosamax
What is alendronate used for?
Osteoporosis
What instructions should you provide to a client taking alendronate?
Take on an empty stomach with water at least 30 mins before breakfast and remain upright for 30 mins after consuming and until after the first meal of the day
alendronate is contraindicated in clients that are ______.
Unable to sit upright or stand for at least 30 mins
Why should you not take alendronate with food?
Food can caused delayed absorption and decreased serum level
What is the mechanism of action of cyclobenzaprine?
Acts in the brain stem to reduce or abolish tonic muscle hyperactivity
What is the pharmacologic class of cyclobenzaprine?
Tricyclic antidepressant-like agent
What is the brand name of cyclobenzaprine?
Flexeril
What is cyclobenzaprine used for?
Muscle spams associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions
You should avoid taking cyclobenzaprine with _______.
Alcohol or CNS depressants
cyclobenzaprine should not be taken with _________ due to possible hyperpyretic crisis, severe seizures, and death.
MAO inhibitors
What is the mechanism of action of sumatriptan?
Stimulates 5-HT1-receptors and causes selective vasoconstriction of dilated and inflamed cranial blood vessels
What is the pharmacologic class of sumatriptan?
Serotonin 5-HT1-receptor agonist
What is the brand name of sumatriptan?
Imitrex
What is sumatriptant used for?
Migraine
sumatriptant is contraindicated in clients who have a history of _______
CVA (Cerebrovascular accident)
sumatriptant should be avoided with _______ as they may increase triptan toxicity.
Ginkgo, ginseng, echinacea, & St. John's wort
A client taking sumatriptant should be monitored for ______.
Level of consciousness
What is the mechanism of action of propofol?
Decreases cerebral flow, cerebral metabolic oxygen consumption, and intracranial pressure while increasing cerebrovascular resistance
What is the pharmacologic class of propofol?
Phenol derivative
What is the brand name of propofol?
Diprivan
What is propofol used for?
Sedation of critically ill clients; general anesthesia
Clients who have what are contraindicated for propofol?
Allergies to soybean or egg products
What is an adverse reaction of propofol?
Respiratory depression
What is the mechanism of action of ibuprofen?
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and reduces inflammatory response
What is the pharmacologic class of ibuprofen?
NSAID
What is the brand name of ibuprofen?
Advil
What is ibuprofen used for?
Mild to moderate pain
Aside from mild to moderate pain, ibuprofen can also be used for what?
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
ibuprofen is contraindicated for use in clients who have _______.
Hepatic impairment
What education can be provided to a client in order to reduce GI distress when taking ibuprofen?
Take with food or after meals
An adverse reaction of ibuprofen in to stomach is _______
GI bleeding and ulceration
What is the mechanism of action of dantrolene?
Blocks calcium from skeletal muscle cells
What is the pharmacologic class of dantrolene?
Skeletal muscle relaxant
What is the brand name of dantrolene?
Dantrium
What is dantrolene used for?
Spasticity (mainly head and neck) after spinal cord injury or stroke & multiple sclerosis
Aside from spasticity & multiple sclerosis, dantrolene can also be used for what?
Malignant hyperthemia
A client that is taking dantrolene should be monitored for what?
Hepatoxicity
What is the mechanism of action of neostigmine?
Inhibits acetylchilesterase so that more acetylcholine is present, allowing them to trigger muscle contraction
What is the pharmacologic class of neostigmine?
Cholinesterase inhibitor
What is the brand name of neostigmine?
Neostigmine
What is neostigmine used for?
Myasthenia gravis to improve muscle tone
An adverse reaction of neostigmine includes ________.
Muscle cramps/weakness/twitching