What are the functions of muscles?
- Produce movement
- Keep posture
- Stabilise joints
- Produce heat
What are myoepithelial cells?
They are mostly smooth muscle cells beneath the secretion cells(those secrete hormones, saliva, sweet,...)that control and regulate the release of secretion to the blood
What are myofibroblast cells?
They are cells derived from mesenchymal Stem cells(Which are adult stem cells that can renew themselves and differentiate to make cells with specific jobs)that are related to healing muscles
List properties of muscles.
Muscles are:
- Irritable(they can get irritated)
- Contractable
- Extensible
- Elastic
Which type of muscles are of the most in terms of quantity in humans?
Skeletal muscles
What do you call No.1?
Perimysium
What do you call No.4?
Fascicle
What do you call No.5?
Endomysium
What do you call No.6?
Epimysium
What are the sites that muscles connect to?
- Bones
- Cartillages
- Connective tissue
Which one is the 'Sarcolemma'?
No.1
What do you call No.2?
Myofibril
What do you call the nerves that stimulate muscles to contract?
Motor neuron
What is Motor unit?
Its the combination of the motor neuron and all the muscles that it stimulates
When do motor neurons end?
At the neuromuscular junction or "motor and plate"
Muscle force depends on____.
The number of stimulated fibers
Is the belly the strong part of the muscle?
No, it can't stand pressure or friction
How do tendons get nutrition?
From the vessels of the muscles or the blood vessels of the periosteum
What lubricates the tendons when they are subjected to friction?
Synovial bursa(synovial sheath)
Where does capillary blood exchange happen in muscles?
In the endomysium of muscles
What are muscle splinder and/or tendon splinders functions?
Its used for proprioception, to send signals about how long and how fast the muscle moved and become(to coordinate voluntary movement)
What controls the blood vessel's walls of muscles?
The sympathetic fibers of nerves
What happens to the muscles of a person the results in he/she getting paralysed?
The nerve trunk must be severed(cut off)
What are types of muscle contraction?
- Isotonic:
Myofilaments(proteins in the myofibril) are sliding past each other(or in other words normal contraction where the muscles get shorter)
- Isometric
Contraction where muscles dont get shorter and tenstion in them increases
What is muscle tone?
Amount of tension in a muscle
Classify muscles based on their function.
- Prime mover: the ones do a specific movement
- Antagonist: the ones that reverse the movement of prime mover
- Synergist: helps the prime mover
- Fixators: acts as a stabilizer for a certian movement
Classify muscles based on how they got their name.
Muscles that got their name based on their:
- Shape
Deltoids, Rhomboid
- Size
Major, miner, brevis, longus
- Number of heads
- Position & location
Superspinatus, infraspinatus, Abdominis, oculi, temporalis
- Depth
External and internal obliques, felxor D. Superficialis and felxor D. Profundus
- Attachment
Sternocledomastoid
- Action
Flexor, extensor and abductor
What type of muscles dont get tired?
Smooth muscles
What is unique about cadiact muscles that neither smooth nor skeletal muscles have it?
It can function in a steady rhythmic pace
What is Muscular Dystrophy?
Its a Muscular system disorder that results in enlargement of muscles because of increased fat and connective tissue and at the same time degeneration of muscle fibers
What type of people get Duchenne MD muscular system disorder?
People that lack the protein that maintain the sarcolemma
What is Myasthemia Gravis muscle disorder?
Its a progressive weakness due to shortage of acetylochline receptors