Biology Cell structure Flashcards

0.1-0.5 micrometer

Eukaryotic becuase they contain more organelles than prokaryotic cells

Becuase volume of cells increase way more compared to surface area eventhough more surface area means more area for food absorption but it still isn't sufficient for the volume you need to feed

• All organisms are made up of cell(s)
• All existing cells are produced by other living cells
• Cell is the basic unit of life

Sugars and Amino acids

To make the prokaryotic cell able attach to its environmental surfaces

To transform genetic materials during conjugation(sexual reproduction of bacteria)

True nucleus

Little organ

To regulate fluidity in between the phospholipid bilayer, to not let the two layers get so close to each other when its cold snd vice versa

A model to explain the structure of the plasmatic membrane of the cell, that is consist of fluid(cholesterol) +moasic(phospholipids, proteins and Carbohydrates)_{(moasic simply are an art made from small stones)}

To transform impulses

1. Transport
2. Enzyme
3. Attachment
4. Recognition
5. Receptor
6. Intercellular junction

Transporting things either by:

1. Channels(pores)
2. Carriers

Lipids_{(like triglycerides[which is one of the components of ATP]),} insoluble substances, ions(like K⁺,Na⁺ and Cl^- just like how nerve cells use to transport pulses)

They bind to hormones to initiate biochemical reactions

Support the cytoskeleton to hold the shape and structure of the cell

For cells to recognise each other, just like how red blood cells recognise each other

Glycoproteins, although they aren't proteins but Glycolipids

Provide space between cells wether its:

• Gap junctions
• Tight junctions

To allow substance transform and enough space so if one cell is infected it'll stay away from the other cells

Finger like structures made of folding the plasmatic membrane

They increase the surface area of cells so that they have more places to absorb substances from

Its when the microvilli of the small intestine get flattened so they can't absorb the gluten proteins in bread

Small intestine

They decorate proteins_{(to make glycoproteins)} and lipids_{(to make glycolipids)} so that cells can recognise each other

1. Protect
2. Keep homeostasis
3. Semi-permable membrane
4. Keep the shape of cells
5. Barrier between the cell and its environment

1. Diffusion
2. Osmosis

Transporting of substances from high concentration to low concentration to achieve homeostasis

Is what you call diffusion but only for water

1. Gases
2. Water
3. Lipids(steriod hormones)
4. Lipid soluble molecules(hydrocarbon, alcohols and some vitamins)

the ability of a solution to change cell volumes by changing their water content

1. Isotonic
2. Hypotonic(lower water in material)
3. Hypertonic(higher water in material)

1. Exocytosis
2. Endocytosis

1. Phagocytosis
2. Pinocytosis

Know also as cell eating, which is when cells dissolve bacteria in them

1. Bring molecules(ions, amino acids, glucose, nucleotides)
2. Get rid of molecules(like urine in kidneys)
3. Maintain homeostasis
4. Control pH

Created by the golgi apparatus to Bulk transport macromolecules in and out of cells including:

1. Proteins
2. Polysaccharides
3. Polynucleotides
4. Whole cells
5. Hormones
6. Waste
7. Mucus
8. Neurotransmitters

They are part of the immune system, that dissolve bacteria and old red blood cells in them

Also called cell drinking, which is when cells absorb liquid and/or small molecules dissolved in liquid, just like the intestine, kidneys and plant roots