Biguanides
Glucophage- Metformin
Metfomin MOA
Side Effects
Contraindications
Lowers glucose produced in the liver
SE: Diarrhea
C: GRF < 30, iodine wait > 48 hours
Sulfonylureas
- glip
Glimepiride- Amaryl
Glipizide-
Glipizide extended release- Glucotrol XL
Sulfonylureas MOA
Side Effects
Contraindications
Helps beta cells release insulin
SE:
C:
Metaglinides
- glinide
Nateglinide- Starlix
Repaglinide- Prandin
Metaglinides MOA
Side Effects
Contraindications
Helps beta cells release insulin
SE:
C:
TZDs
Pioglitazone- Actos
TZDs MOA
Side Effects
Contraindications
Helps insulin work better in muscle and fat ( more sensitivity)
Lowers glucose production in liver
SE:
C:
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
Acarbose- Precose
Miglitol- Glyset
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors MOA
SE:
C:
lower blood glucose by delaying the digestion and absorption of complex carbohydrates
SE: flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain from the presence of undigested carbohydrates in the lower gastrointestinal tract
DPP-4 Inhibitors
- gliptin
Sitagliptin- Januvia
Linagliptin- Tradjenta
Saxagliptin- Onglyza
Alogliptin- Nesina
DPP-4 Inhibitors MOA
SE
Contraindications
cleaves and inactivates peptides, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), incretin hormones, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)
SE:
C: pancreatitis, DKA,