Adaptation
modification of an organism or its parts that makes it more fit for existence under the conditions of its environment
Aerobic
a form of physical exercise that combines rhythmic aerobic exercise with stretching and strength training routines
Anaerobic
is a type of exercise that breaks down glucose in the body without using oxygen; anaerobic means "without oxygen"
Atrophy
is defined as a decrease in the size of a tissue or organ due to cellular shrinkage
Cardiovascular endurance
how well your heart and lungs can supply the oxygen you need while you exercise at medium to high intensity
Cool down
is the transition from intense physical activity to a more typical activity level
Delayed onset muscle soreness (D.O.M.S)
typically begins to develop 12-24 hours after the exercise has been performed and may produce the greatest pain between 24-72 hours after the exercise has been performed
Diminishing Return
returns are the decrease in marginal output of a production process as the amount of a single factor of production is incrementally increased
Exercise heart rate
You can estimate your maximum heart rate based on your age. To estimate your maximum age-related heart rate, subtract your age from 220.
Exercise plateau
a stage of progress that happens when your body gets used to the demands of your current fitness routine, which causes your progress to level out
F.I.T.T.E. principle
e is an acronym that represents, Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type
H.I.I.T. Training
a type of interval training exercise. It incorporates several rounds that alternate between several minutes of high intensity movements to significantly increase the heart rate
Hypertrophy
an increase and growth of muscle cells.
Muscular endurance
push-ups and pull-ups for upper extremities, repeated squats for lower extremities, and sit-ups and static back extension for trunk muscles
Muscular strength
the amount of force you can put out or the amount of weight you can lift
Overload principle
in order to progress and improve, putting the body under additional stress beyond what is normal is key
Plyometrics
short, intense bursts of activity that target fast-twitch muscle fibers in the lower body
Range of motion
the capability of a joint to go through its complete spectrum of movements
Repetitions
the act of repeating, or doing, saying, or writing something again
Resting heart rate
Generally, a lower heart rate at rest implies more efficient heart function and better cardiovascular fitness. For example, a well-trained athlete might have a normal resting heart rate closer to 40 beats per minute
Warm-up
a part of stretching and preparation for physical exertion or a performance by exercising or practicing gently beforehand, usually undertaken before a performance or practice. Athletes, singers, actors and others warm up before stressing their muscles