a situation whereby talented professionals flee one country to another in search of better pay and working conditions
Brain drain
the number of persons per unit of agricultural land (countries with high physiological density risk exceeding its carrying capacity)
physiological density
shows the age and sex demographics of a particular country, city, or neighborhood
Population pyramid
the total number of people divided by the total land area (also known as real density)
Arithmetic density
the process of migration where people CHOOSE to move (guest worker programs between the US and Mexico as well as Germany and Turkey)
Voluntary migrants
predicted the British economist Thomas Malthus coined the term overpopulation in the late 1700s
Thomas Malthus
a measure of how quickly a population is growing or declining excluding emigration and immigration
Natural increase rate
shows five typical stages of population change that countries experience as they modernize
Demographic transition model
the middle point of population distributers
population center
calculated by imagining that each individual in the U.S. is an equal weight
mean center
a Danish economist who lived in the 20th century
Ester Boserup
the ability of the land and its resources and technologies to sustain a certain number of people
Carrying capacity
migration that is involuntary, meaning migrants have no choice but to move
forced migration
programs designed to increase fertility rates
pronatalist policy
shows 5 typical stages of population change that countries experience as they modernize
demographic transition model
when people migrate to and settle in a new country, they often decide to locate in a city or community where your other family members have lived
chain migration
a name for a specific location
toponym
a computer system that stores, organizes, retrieves, analyzes and displays geographic data
geographic information system (GIS)
when an underlying idea from a culture hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modifies or rejects a trait
stimulus diffusion
an activity, usually political, social, or economic, that occurs across the region
functional region
the arrangement of a feature in a space
distribution
used to show quantitative difference between mapped features by varying the size of the symbols
graduated symbols
- navigation
- directions are accurate
- lines of latitude and longitude meet at right angle
- distance between lines of longitude are constant
- land masses near the poles are large
- the size and shape are very exaggerated
mercator
- spatial distribution related to area
- size of land masses are accurate
- shapes are inaccurate, especially near the poles
Peters
- general in midlatitude countries
- lines of longitude coverage
- lines of latitude are curved
- size and shape are both close to reality
- direction is not constant
- longitude lines coverage at only one pole
Conic
- general use
- no major distortion
- oval shape appears more like a glove than a rectangle
- area, shape, size, and direction are all slightly distorted
Robinson
the social and physiological effects of faster movement of information over space in a shorter period of time
time-space compression
scale the size of simple symbols (usually a circle or square) proportionally to the data value found at that location
proportional symbol map
a person´s sense of place or history and don´t have agreed on boundaries or locations
vernacular regions
the concept that the distribution of one phenomenon is scientifically related to the location of another phenomenon
spatial association
the concept that the physical environment limits human actions, but that people have the ability to adjust the physical environment
possibilism
Those that unify a group of people or region
centripetal forces
bind citizens of a state together
centripetal forces
established before an area is well populated
antecedent boundary
relate closely to culture, ethnic heritage, and to the physical geography of a particular place (EX: Judaism and Hinduism)
Ethnic religions
a tall tower that is part of a mosque with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer (prominent in the architecture associated with Islam)
Minarets
the geographical and social spread of the different aspects of one culture to different ethnicities, religions, nationalities, regions, etc.
cultural diffusion
the belief that there is only one deity, or God
Monotheistic Religions
the prominent religion in central and south america
Roman catholicism
the fusion or blending of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid
syncretism
the process through which individuals and groups of differing heritages acquire the basic habits, and attitudes
assimilation
when the underlying idea from a culture hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modifies or rejects one trait
stimulus diffusion
refers to the built environment
cultural landscape
a form of syncretism that involves the creation of products or services for the global market by adapting them to local cultures
globalization
this process is most likely to occur when different cultures are in proximity to each other and can occur via immigration, marriage, conquest, or simple creativity
syncretism
the spread of culture and/or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them
relocation diffusion
the spread of culture starts from influential and powerful individuals within a society or culture
hierarchical diffusion