Spinal Cord
carries information from the brain to the body and from the body to the brain
Medulla
Controls autonomic functions (breathing, HR, etc.)
Pons
Sends signals to cerebellum and forebrain. Mediates sleep and arousal.
Midbrain
Regulates eye movement and pupil dilation. Assists in motor control.
Hypothalamus
regulates autonomic nervous system; synthesizes hormones; regulates body temp, thirst, hunger, circadian rhythm
Meninges
Protects the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Protects brain and spinal cord, delivers nutrients to nervous tissue, removes waste products from cerebral metabolism
Cerebellum
Fine motor control, motor coordination
Cerebellar Vermis
Proprioception
Cerebellar Hemispheres
Motor control
Cerebrum
Movement, sensory processing, olfaction, language and communication, learning and memory
Frontal Lobe
Reasoning, personality, attention
Parietal Lobe
Processing sensory info from the body, processing spatial info and language
Temporal Lobe
Processing and perceiving sound, memory
Occipital Lobe
Processing and perceiving vision
Medial Longitudinal Fissure (S)
Divides the cerebrum into the left and right hemisphere
Gyri (S)
Increase the surface area of the brain and allow it to fit within the confines of the skull.
Sulcus (S)
Increase the surface area of the brain and allow it to fit in the confines of the skull.
Rhinal Fissure (S)
Divides the cerebrum from the underlying structures
Sylvian Fissure (S)
Divides the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe
Pyriform Lobe
Processing of olfactory sensory info
Optic Chiasm (S)
Part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross
Pyramidal Tract (S)
Relay information between the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord.
Olfactory Bulb (I)
Perception and processing of odors (Sensory).
Vestibulo-cochlear (VIII) (F)
Balance and hearing (Sensory)
- carries sound information from
the cochlea and proprioceptive/balance information from the vestibular system
Optic (II)
Transmits sensory info from the eye (Sensory).
Oculomotor (III)
Innervates muscles that move the eye (except the superior oblique and lateral rectus). Also controls eyelid elevation and pupillary constriction/accommodation (Motor).
Trochlear (IV)
Innervates superior oblique muscle of the eye, responsible for both lateral and vertical eye movement (Motor).
Trigeminal (V)
Innervates muscles responsible for mastication, transmits sensory
info from face (Mixed).
Sensory: information from the skin, muscles, bone, and
teeth
Motor: biting, chewing, swallowing
Abducens (VI)
Innervates lateral rectus muscle of the eye, responsible for lateral eye movement (Motor).
Facial (VII) (F)
Innervates muscles of scalp and face. Taste. (Mixed)
Sensory: Taste from the tongue
Motor: facial expression,
innervates salivary glands and tear glands
Glossopharyngeal (IX) (F)
Innervates small muscle of pharynx and parotid gland (salivary
production). Sensation from pharynx. (Mixed)
Sensory: taste from the tongue; sensations from
pharynx
Motor: swallowing and salivation
Vagus (X) (F)
Innervates pharyngeal muscles, vocal cords, larynx, heart, lungs,
digestive organs. Sensory info from the viscera of abdomen and chest. (Mixed)
Sensory: carries sensory information from the viscera of the
abdomen and the chest; information from the head; taste.
Motor: swallowing; motor input to the viscera of the abdomen,
heart and larynx
Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI)
Motor: controls the muscles of the neck and shoulders
Hypoglossal (XII) (F)
Motor: controls the muscles of the tongue
Cerebellum (sagittal view)
Fine motor control, motor coordination
Thalamus (sagittal view)
Relays sensory info to cerebrum
Midbrain (sagittal view)
Regulates eye movement and pupil dilation. Assists in motor control.
Pons (sagittal view)
Sends signals to cerebellum and forebrain. Mediates sleep and arousal.
Medulla (sagittal view)
Controls autonomic functions (breathing, HR, etc.)
Choroid Plexus (F)
produces CSF
Septum Pellucidum (F)
Thin layer that separates L and R lateral ventricles
Corpus Callosum (sagittal view)
relays info between L and R hemispheres of cerebrum
Pineal Body (sagittal view)
Produces melatonin. Regulates circadian rhythm.
Superior Colliculus (sagittal view)
Receives input from eyes. Controls eye movements
Inferior Colliculus (sagittal view)
relay station for auditory info en route to thalamus. Receives input from ears.
Lateral Ventricle (sagittal view)
3rd Ventricle (sagittal view)
4th Ventricle (sagittal view)
Cerebral Aqueduct (sagittal view)
The CSF-filled space within each cerebral hemisphere.
Fibers of the Internal Capsule (coronal view) (S)
Corona Radiata (coronal view) (S)
Medial Longitudinal Fissure (coronal view)
Corpus Callosum (coronal view)
relays info between L and R hemispheres of cerebrum
Caudate Nucleus (coronal view)
involved in motor coordination
Lateral Ventricles (coronal view) (S)
Third Ventricle (coronal view) (S)
Septum Pellucidum (coronal view)
Separates left and right lateral ventricles
Hippocampus (coronal view)
Learning and Memory
Hypothalamus (coronal view)
regulates autonomic nervous system; synthesizes hormones; regulates body temp, thirst, hunger, circadian rhythm
Rhinal Fissure (coronal view)
Pyriform Lobe (coronal view)
processes scent (olfaction)
What 2 structures are part of the mid-brain?
superior colliculus and inferior colliculus
What 3 layers comprise the meninges?
dura matera, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
What 2 structures form the cerebellum?
cerebellar vermis, cerebellar hemisphere
What 4 lobes make the cerebrum?
frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
Gray Matter (S)
Location: Regions of the brain unmyelinated neurons, neuronal cells
White Matter (S)
Location: Regions of the brain with myelinated neurons
What structure separates the left and right
ventricles
septum pellucidum
Name two cranial nerves that are purely
SENSORY nerves
Vestibulo-cochlear (VIII), Optic Nerve, Olfactory
Which structure produces melatonin?
Pineal gland
Which structure relays information between the
left and right
hemispheres of the cerebrum?
Corpus Callosum
The cerebral aqueduct connects which two
ventricles?
Third and Fourth
One of your 12 cranial nerves is severed,
rendering you unable
to chew. Which cranial
nerve is the most likely culprit?
Trigeminal Nerve
The parietal lobe is X to the temporal lobe, and is
responsible
for X.
dorsal, sensory integration
The arachnoid mater is the X of the meninges and serves to X.
2nd layer; protect the brain.
The X nerve carries visual information to the brain and is X to the hypothalamus.
optic; anterior/rostral
The X nerves are responsible for eye
movement and are located
caudal to the X nerve.
oculomotor/trochlear/abducens; optic
Both the X and X nerves transmit sensory
information from the tongue.
facial and glossopharyngeal
Thalamus (coronal view)
relays sensory info to the cerebrum