what makes one element different from another?
The # of protons
what is carbons symbol
C
What is potassiums symbol
K
What is Sodiums symbol
Na
What is sulfurs symbol
S
What is Carbons atomic number
6
What is potassiums atomic number
19
What is sodiums atomic number
11
What is sulfurs atomic number
16
What is a word that contains all the elements essential for life?
CHNOPS
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
to provide energy
What are 4 words that describe or name the carb atom?
Carbohydrate
monomer
monosaccharide
glucose
What is a disaccharide and what are the 3 that we learned?
a dimer
sucrose, lactose, maltose
what is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6 H12 O6
what is starches function?
provides energy
Where is starch found?
plants
What is the function of glycogen?
fuel cells
Where is glycogen found?
muscle tissue
What is the function of cellulose?
structural support
Where is the cellulose found in?
the plant cell wall
What is dehydration in the polymerization process?
gets rid of water
What is hydrolysis in polymerization process?
uses water to breakdown polymers into monomers
what are the monomers of proteins called, how many are there?
monosaccharides,
three
What is the carboxylic group in protein?
OH with one double bonded atom
What is the hydrogen group in a protein?
one hydrogen atom
What is the amino acid in the protein atom?
NH2
What is the side chain of a protein monomer?
a random grouping of atoms represented as "R"
What is the function of an enzyme?
speed up biological reactions
What are two characteristics of enzymes?
they do not get used up
are specific for one reaction
What special type of bond is needed to make long chains of amino acids?
peptide bonds
what is the primary level of a protein structure?
the primary level
sequence of a chain of amino acids
What is the secondary level of a protein structure?
Secondary level
Local folding of the polypeptide chain into helices or sheets
What is the tertiary level of a protein structure?
tertiary structure
three-dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions
What is the fourth level of a protein structure?
Quaternary structure
protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain
What 4 parts make up a triglyceride?
glycerole
3 fatty acids
What is a saturated lipid?
a single bonded carbon chain
What is un unsaturated lipid?
a double bonded carbon chain
what is the function of phospholipids?
a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults
Where is phospholipids found in?
tissues and membranes in our cells
What is the function of Nucleic Acids?
store and communicate generic information?
What letters represent the 4 Nucleotides of DNA?
A, C, G, T
Which of the 4 Nucleotides has a inner ring?
cystosine
How do hydrogen bonds form between adjacent water molecules?
the small positive-charged hydrogen is attracted to the small negative charge of oxygen.
Where would you find cohesion occurring in nature?
When two water molecules combine
Where would you observe adhesion occur in nature?
a water molecule clinging to the wall of the vessels
Why are temperature differences so small in some areas?
because in tropical locations, they have an ocean that has a moderating effect
What makes water a polar molecule?
there is an unequal share of electrons because there are 2 hydrogen atoms that are slightly negatively charged.
What does it mean that water is a universal solvent?
nutrients and other substances must be dissolved in water to be absorbed by cells and because water is polar and can dissolve other polar molecules
What are examples of monomers (monosaccharides)
glucose, galactose, and fructose
What are examples of a dimer (disaccharides)
sucrose, lactose, maltose
What are examples of polymers (polysaccharides)
starch, glycogen, and cellulose
amino acids join together to make what type of molecule?
protein
What are the two carbohydrate structures?
open chain,
cyclic form
what is the main function of nucleic acids?
store and communicate genetic information (DNA, RNA)
What are the three types of lipids?
neutral fats
sterols or steroids
phospholids
Phospholipids have what two sides?
HYDROphobic
HYDROphilic
What is cohesion?
The attraction of like molecules
What is adhesion?
the attraction of unlike molecules to another