The liquid (extracellular) portion. Usually a little more than half the entire volume of whole blood
Plasma
Most adults have 4 to 6 L of blood, which accounts for about 7-9% of the total body weight. (The amount of blood will go up with heavier people and men)
Normal Volumes of blood
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide though blood
RBC (Erythrocytes)
involved with immunity
WBC (Leukocytes)
Not cells at all. They are fragments of larger cells and promote blood clotting
Platelets
If the pH of blood drops below 7.35
Acidodosis Devolping
Liquid portion of the blood.
*1.5% of the total amount of oxygen and 10% of Carbon dioxide transported in the blood is dissolved in blood plasma
Blood Plasma
Plasma proteins, which make up about 7% of plasma by wight. These proteins include albumins and globulins
Most abundant solutes found in the plasma
Are the most abundant plasma proteins. Help maintain water blalance in the blood by creating an osmotic pressure that pulls water into blood vessels by osmosis
Albumins
Include the antibodies that help protect us from infections
Globulins
Carried in plasma; proteins that are necessary for blood clotting.
Fibrinogen/Prothrombin
Plasma minus its clotting factors
Blood serum
make blood cells for the body
Two kinds of connective tissue:
*Myeloid tissue & Lympthoid tissue
Better known as red bone marrow.
Myeloid tissue
Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
Erythrocyte
Immune defense (phagocytosis)
Neutrophil
Defense against parasites
Eosinophil
Inflammatory response and heparin secretion
Basophil
Antibody production (precursor of plasma cells)
B Lymphocyte
cellular immune response destroys virally infected cells and cancer cells
T lymphocyte
Immune defenses (phagocytosis). Forms all blood cells except some lymphocytes and monocytes
Monocyte
Blood clotting
Thrombocyte
4.2 to 6.2 million
Numbers of RBCs
5000 to 10,000
Number of WBCs
150,000 to 400,000
Number of platelets
Over production of red blood cells (RBC)
Generally cancerous
Polycythemia
Not enough red blood cells, to low oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
Anemia
clot that stays in the circulatory system where it is formed
thrombus
a clot, or portion of a clot that circulates in the blood
Embolus
Abnormally low blood platelet count
Thrombocytopenia
Caused by vitamin b12 deficiency
decreased RBC, WBC, & platelet numbers.
RBCS are macrocytic
low iron
Pernicious anemia
An inherited blood clotting disorder caused by a failure to form necessary clotting factors
hemophilia
Inhibits blood clotting
Heparin
A substance developed in the body in response to stimulation by an antigen
Antibodies
Protein present in blood essential for blood clotting
Fibrinogen
Genetic diseases resulting in formation of abnormal hemoglobin, (HbS); primarily found in Africans Americans
RBCS become fragile and assume sickled shape when blood oxygen levels decrease
Sickle cell anemia
Caused by deficiency of or inability to absorb iron needed for Hb synthesis
RBCS are microcytic and hypochromic
Hematocrit is decreased
Iron deficiency anemia
Caused by decreased RBC life span or increased RBC rate of destruction
Symptoms such as; Jaundice, swelling of spleen, gallstone formation, and tissue iron deposits, are related to retention of RBC breakdown products
Hemolytic Anemias
Group of inherited hemolytic anemias occurring primarily in people of Mediterranean descent
RBCS microcytic and short lived
Hb levels often fall below 7
Thalassemia
Abnormally low WBC count
Leukopenia
Abnormally high WBC count
Frequent finding in bacterial infections
Leukocytosis