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Enuresis
Children with difficulties in urinary control are defined as having enuresis.
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manifestations
decreased bladder capacity, underlying urinary tract abnormalities, neurologic alterations, obstructive sleep apnea, constipation, UTI, pinworm infestation, diabetes mellitus, and voiding dysfunction.
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nocturnal eneresis
is not a matter of excessive concern unless the child is older than 6 years or has markedly decreased self-esteem.
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Diurnal Enuresis
Children with urgency, frequency, and inappropriate wetting during the day may be seen rushing to the bathroom or tightly crossing their legs.
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The diagnosis of enuresis
- Urinalysis and urine culture can rule out possible UTI.
- Measurements of urine-specific gravity and urine glucose are assessed for underlying diabetes.
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therapeutic management of nocturnal eneuresis
- begins with general interventions, such as explaining theories underlying the problem in terms the child can understand.
- The child is reassured that, with assistance, the problem can resolve. Common sense approaches of limiting fluids after supper and voiding just before bedtime are encouraged.
- Diet modifications include avoiding extraneous sugar and caffeine intake after 5 PM because these substances can act as bladder stimulants as well as diuretics (Elder, 2020a). Also, the child can be trained to use imagery; thinking about what a full bladder feels like and picturing waking up and going to the bathroom.