drugs for asthma and COPD
BAM
- B - beta agonists (albuterol)
- A -anticholinergics (ipatropium)
- M - methylxanthines (theophylline)
bronchodilators
open up the bronchioles in increase gas exchange and ventilation
do bronchodilators treat inflammation?
no
what drugs are most effective against acute bronchospasms?
inhaled beta 2 andrenergic agonists
PO beta 2 andrenergic agonists used for
long term on a fixed schedule (PO albuterol)
inhaled long acting beta 2 andrenergic agonists
used for a long term on a fixed schedule for COPD (salmeterol/formoterol)
inhaled short acting beta 2 andrenergic agonists
PRN, used for ongoing attack but not for prevention (albuterol)
What is the fastest acting rescue inhaler?
albuterol
what are the adverse effect of albuterol?
tachycardia, angina, muscle tremor, anxiety, insomnia
DO NOT TAKE ALBUTEROL WITH? WHY?
beta blockers and nsaids. can cause bronchospasms.
what is used for bronchoconstriction
epinephrine (adrenaline)
route for epinephrine n how long until effects start?
subQ injection/inhalation. 5 minutes
anticholinergic bronchodilators
blocks mucus receptors (decreasing mucus) and reduces bronchoconstriction (dilates em)
anticholinergic bronchodilators are called ____ for asthma
ipatropium/tiotropium
side effects for anticholinergic bronchodilators
cough, nervousness, GI upset, headache, dizziness
what condition is anticholinergic bronchodilators contraindicated for
glaucoma bc paradoxical bronchospasm has occured
methylxanthines prototype drug
theophylline
what should you tell a patient taking theophylline
avoid cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, and caffeine (coffee, energy drinks, etc.)
what do methylxanthines (theophylline) do
relax bronchial smooth muscle
can methylxanthines (theophylline) be used to treat COPD?
yes but only as a second line drug (ie. use the obvious options first)
methylxanthines (theophylline) toxicity is?
>20 mcg/mL, leads to seizures,tachycardia, dysrhythmias