What are the rapid insulins?
Lispo, Aspart, Glulisine (LAG) "logs"
Lispro is identical to human insulin except for?
reversal of amino acids (lysine and proline)
How would you administer Lispro?
inject before meals
What are some characteristics of Lispro?
they are absorbed quickly and have a shorter half life via subQ injection
What is the onset and duration of rapid insulins?
<15 minutes and last 4-8 hours.
what do rapid/short insulins mimic?
BOLUS (quick acting) bc the effects are similar to when the pancreas releases insulin after meals
What is the rapid insulin with the shortest onset?
glulisine
What is glulisine's onset?
5-10 minutes
what is an example of a short acting insulin?
IV regular insulin
what is the insulin ONLY used for acute management of DKA, HHS, and hyperkalemia?
IV regular insulin
What is the onset, duration, and peak of IV regular insulin?
Onset: 30 minutes to 1 hour
Peak: 2-3 hours
Duration: 5-7 hours
What is the intermediate insulin?
Isophane (NPH)
What does Isophane (NPH) look like?
cloudy
Isophane + what insulin can be combined for a more consistent control of BG levels?
short acting insulin
What is Isophane (NPH) used for?
long term insulin therapy
What is the onset, peak, and duration of Isophane (NPH)?
Onset: 1-1.5 hours
Peak: 8-12 hours
Duration: 18-24 hours
What are some examples of long acting insulins?
glargine, detemir
What is the onset, peak and duration for glargine/detemir?
Onset: 1 hr
Peak: NO PEAK!!!!
Duration: 24 hours
What do intermediate/long insulins do?
provide basal dosing (they are long acting)
What is the normal range for blood glucose?
70-100
What are some signs of hypoglycemia?
hunger, tachycardia, fatigue, shaking, sweaty, pallor, headache, dizziness -> confusion, slurred speech, blurry vision, fainting, seizures, coma, agitation.
When do you administer bolus insulin?
before meals
How long do basal insulins last?
all day
What type of insulin do T1 diabetics take?
rapid/short acting
How many times a day do type 2 diabetics take their insulin?
2 times
When should the patient administer regular insulin?
30-45 minutes before meals
When should a patient administer rapid insulin?
15 minutes before meals
When should a patient administer a long acting insulin?
at bedtime or in the morning
What does A1C mean?
average glucose for the past 2-3 months
What A1C percentage means that a person is prediabetic?
>5.7
What A1C percentage means that a person is diabetic?
>6.5
What is a fasting glucose?
glucose level after not eating/drinking for the past 8 hours
What fasting glucose level means that a person is prediabetic?
>100 mg/dL
What fasting glucose level means that a person is diabetic?
>126 mg/dL
What is OGTT?
an oral glucose tolerance test taking
What OGTT level means that a person is prediabetic?
>140
What OGTT level means that a person is diabetic?
>200
T1 diabetics will always require?
exogenous insulin
T2 will eventually need insulin when?
beta cell function no longer produces endogenous insulin
What are signs and symptoms of diabetes?
polyphagia, polyuria, polydypsia
What does post prandial mean?
AFTER MEALS