The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is
A)skeletal muscle.
B)epithelial tissue.
C)nervous tissue.
D)smooth muscle.
E)connective tissue.
E)connective tissue.
Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?
A)blubber or fat layer
B)feathers or fur
C)vasoconstriction
D)countercurrent heat exchanger
E)wind blowing across the body surface
E)wind blowing across the body surface
Consider the energy budgets for a human, an elephant, a penguin, a mouse, and a snake. The __________ would have the highest total annual energy expenditure, and the __________ would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass.
A)elephant; mouse
B)penguin; mouse
C)mouse; snake
D)elephant; human
E)human; penguin
A)elephant; mouse
Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has
A)less surface area.
B)a smaller cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio.
C)the same surface-to-volume ratio.
D)less surface area per unit of volume.
E)a smaller average distance between its mitochondria and the external source of oxygen.
D)less surface area per unit of volume.
An animal’s inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs
A)if it is actively foraging for food.
B)if it is hibernating.
C)if it is growing and increasing its mass.
D)if the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate.
E)never; homeostasis makes these energy and material budgets always balance.
C)if it is growing and increasing its mass.
You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?
A)You note that its environment has a high and stable temperature. Because its body temperature matches the environmental temperature, you conclude that it is an ectotherm.
B)You measure the metabolic rate of the reptile, and because it is higher than that of a related species that lives in temperate forests, you conclude that this reptile is an endotherm and its relative is an ectotherm.
C)You know from its high and stable body temperature that it must be an endotherm.
D)You know that it is an ectotherm because it is not a bird or mammal.
E)You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm.
E)You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm.
Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?
A)a desert bird
B)a hydra
C)a desert insect
D)a marine jelly (an invertebrate)
E)a snake in a temperate forest
A)a desert bird