Patho - Final Flashcards

It is true that Bell palsy is a

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the

Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease

An example of inappropriate treatment for head trauma would be

Which neurologic disorder is commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig disease?

Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called

A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet.

Diarrhea causes

Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n)

The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in

To avoid the progression of cutaneous lesions, a patient diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) should

A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates

A patient with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as the nephrons progressively deteriorate, because

Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms?

The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is

Surgical removal of a gland may result in

A person who has hyperparathyroidism is likely to develop

Somatic death refers to death

Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by

Hyperaldosteronism causes

The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the force of

The direct cause of stress incontinence is

The primary reason that prolonged seizure activity predisposes to ischemic brain damage is that

A major cause of treatment failure in tuberculosis is

Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells.

RhoGAM (an Rh antibody) would be appropriate in an Rh-_____ woman with an _____ Rh-_____ antibody titer carrying an Rh-_____ fetus.

Parkinson disease is associated with

Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal cord.

A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is

Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism

In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing?

Systemic disorders include

It is true that fibrocystic breast disease

The best intervention for acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevention.

A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fraction. This patient is most likely characterized by a(n)

Anticholinesterase inhibitors may be used to manage

A 32-year-old female complaining of severe pain with menstruation and inability to participate in her routine household activities is likely experiencing

Clinical manifestations of hyponatremia include

A potential risk factor for breast cancer includes

The most common cause of ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the United States is

An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is

In addition to renal colic pain, signs or symptoms of ureteral stones may frequently include

One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is

A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is

What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client’s report of dysphagia?

The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is

Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock?

The pain of nonarticular rheumatism (“growing pain”) is worse

Reperfusion injury to cells

The liver is responsible for the synthesis of coagulation factors, with the exception of part of VIII.

A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/minute on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases

People who have osteoporosis are at risk for

The most definitive diagnostic method for active tuberculosis is acquired via

The major cause of glomerulonephritis is

It is true that Graves disease is

Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?

Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension.

Tissues are able to autoregulate their rate of blood flow by controlling

Although skin manifestations may occur in numerous locations, the classic presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) includes

The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver and muscles is called

Ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of

Clinical manifestations of chronic arterial obstruction include

The ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension.

Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means. A common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is

In contrast to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with

________ edema occurs when ischemic tissue swells because of cellular energy failure.

It is true that encephalitis is usually

Cor pulmonale refers to

The disease that is similar to osteomalacia and occurs in growing children is

The pathophysiology of osteomalacia involves

Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by

A patient injured severely in a motor vehicle accident is hospitalized with acute kidney injury as well as multiple broken bones and lacerations. When family members ask what is meant by the term ‘prerenal,’ the nurse responds

Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with

Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow?

The most likely cause of acidosis in a patient with end-stage renal disease is

An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by

Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to

Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with

Obstructive sleep apnea would most likely be found in a patient diagnosed with

The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is

A college student living in a dormitory reports a stiff neck and headache and is found to have a fever of 102°F. This information is most consistent with

A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is

The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is

A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.

Which condition is caused by a genetic defect?

The relationship of blood flow (Q), resistance (R), and pressure (P) in a vessel can be expressed by which equation?

Individuals diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at risk for developing numerous complications of various organs because of

Proto-oncogenes

A newborn has melena, bleeding from the umbilicus, and hematuria. The newborn most likely experiencing

Calcium oxylate stone formation is facilitated by

The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is

What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?

What form of oral rehydration, bottled water or salty broth, is best suited for a patient who is demonstrating signs of clinical dehydration?

Which pulmonary function test result is consistent with a diagnosis of asthma?

After evaluation, a child’s asthma is characterized as “extrinsic.” This means that the asthma is

Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as

Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by

The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is

An elderly patient’s blood pressure is measured at 160/98. How would the patient’s left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure?

Referred pain may be perceived at some distance from the area of tissue injury, but generally felt

Which condition enhances lymphatic flow?

Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because

Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include

Hypernatremia may be caused by

Rupture of a cerebral aneurysm should be suspected if the patient reports

Respiratory acidosis is associated with

Jaundice is a common manifestation of

A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ________ shock.

In general, with aging, organ size and function

The hallmark manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is

Secondary injury after head trauma refers to

Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at

What is the most likely explanation for a diagnosis of hypernatremia in an elderly patient receiving tube feeding?

Complete healing of a bone fracture occurs when

Which intervention has been found to retard the advancement of chronic kidney disease?

Which is indicative of a left tension pneumothorax?

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n)Correct Answer

Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________ shock.

A patient presents to the physician’s office with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The patient is most likely between the ages of _____ years.

What is likely to lead to hyponatremia?

Scrotal pain in males and labial pain in females may accompany renal pain as a result of

The difference between stress incontinence and urge incontinence is that stress incontinence

A unique characteristic feature of fibromyalgia is the presence of

The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is

Assessment of an extremity six hours after surgical alignment and casting demonstrates pulselessness and pallor. The priority action to take is to

Signs and symptoms of extracellular fluid volume excess include

What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?

Asthma is categorized as a(n)

Pain is thought of as

After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will

Mitral stenosis is associated with

The effects of excessive cortisol production include

Vomiting of stomach contents or continuous nasogastric suctioning may predispose to development of

Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?

Coagulative necrosis is caused by

The gate control theory of pain transmission predicts that activity in touch receptors will

After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of

Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall.

The effects of histamine release include

The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is

A patient reporting vision changes, photophobia, and lid lag may be exhibiting signs of

Chronic bronchitis often leads to cor pulmonale because of

A patient, who is 8 months pregnant, has developed eclampsia and is receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures. To determine if her infusion rate is too high, you should regularly

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is

The effect of stress on the immune system

A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is

The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the

Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency?

Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except

Air that enters the pleural space during inspiration but is unable to exit during expiration creates a condition called

The major cause of death from leukemic disease is

Croup is characterized by

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by

Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of

Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is caused by

Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by

At his most recent clinic visit, a patient with end-stage renal disease is noted to have edema, congestive signs in the pulmonary system, and a pericardial friction rub. Appropriate therapy at this time would include

Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100?

Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include

When a patient is struck in the eye by a baseball, the result is redness and swelling. This increase in blood flow to a localized area is called

A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. When asked, “Why is my urine the color of coffee?”, the nurse responds

The process responsible for distribution of fluid between the interstitial and intracellular compartments is

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes

Constrictive pericarditis is associated with

Excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion can cause _____ concentration.

Fully compensated respiratory acidosis is demonstrated by

Which disorder is caused by inhalation of organic substances?

The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is

Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with

When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow

Velocity of blood flow is measured in

An increased urine bilirubin is associated with

A fracture in which bone breaks into two or more fragments is referred to as

The complication which is not likely to result from a compound, transverse fracture of the tibia and fibula is

When exposed to inhaled allergens, a patient with asthma produces large quantities of

Individuals who have chronic bronchitis most often have

Of the statements below, the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is

Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by

Legionnaires disease is characterized by

The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene called

Which assessment would support a diagnosis of type A COPD rather than type B COPD

A patient being treated for acute tubular necrosis (ATN) develops mild polyuria. The nurse responds to questions about why this occurring by stating

A laboratory test result that helps confirm the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

The fraction of total body water (TBW) volume contained in the intracellular space in adults is

Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?

The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is

A patient, age 3, has vesicoureteral reflux. “Why does that make him have so many bladder infections?” asks his mother. The nurse’s best response is

The pathology report for a patient with penile cancer has this statement: The tumor involves the shaft of the penis. The cancer is at what stage?

Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of

The most common agent resulting in nephrotoxicity and subsequent acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in hospitalized patients is

Treatment for hemophilia A includes

Which treatment is helpful in neuropathic pain but not used for acute pain?

Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation of the

Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells.

A patient has ureteral colic. The manifestation that requires immediate notification of the physician is

“Tell me again the name of that chemical that makes crystals when my gout flares up,” asks the client. The nurse’s best response is

Cerebral aneurysm is most frequently the result of

Tophi are

The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must understand that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed sensitivity.

Administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to

A progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling of urine, and difficulty initiating the urinary stream are characteristic of

Orthostatic hypotension may be a manifestation of

The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as

A patient who experiences early symptoms of muscle twitching, cramping, and stiffness of the hands may be demonstrating signs of

Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of

Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloid solutions that contain electrolytes.

A 3-year-old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, but a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with

Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily as a result of

Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by

When a patient experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks, “What causes my urine to be so full of protein,” the nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that

Hypertension is closely linked to

It is true that polycystic kidney disease is

The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure is

Lack of α-antitrypsin in emphysema causes

A patient diagnosed with a micropenis must be evaluated for

Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include

A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of

Normal bile is composed of

After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later. The patient reports “moderate” adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

A restrictive respiratory disorder is characterized by

The stage of spinal shock that follows spinal cord injury is characterized by

Which is not a manifestation of acute arterial obstruction?

In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with

Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is evidenced by

The cellular response indicative of injury because of faulty metabolism is

Leakage of CSF from the nose or ears is commonly associated with

The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature.

The most common cause of intrinsic kidney injury is _____ injury.

Hypotension is both a cause of chronic kidney disease and a result of chronic kidney disease.

What effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have on neurotransmission?

Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected

In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is

Decreased neuromuscular excitability is often the result of

Blood flow is slow through capillaries because capillaries

The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How should you interpret your assessment?

A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with

A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is

Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have

Most gallstones are composed of

A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit

Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring the serum

What laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia?

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space is called

A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is

A ureterocele is

A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?

Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of

The patient most at risk for postrenal acute kidney injury is a(n)

An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is

A compound, transverse fracture is best described as a bone that is

Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular

Modulation of pain signals is thought to be mediated by the release of

Appropriate therapy for prerenal kidney injury includes

Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of

Abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme activity and cellular production of ATP are associated with

It is recommended that women of childbearing age take folic acid daily for prevention of

What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?

The final step in clot formation is

The normal post-void residual urine in the bladder is

Clinical manifestations of extracellular fluid volume deficit include

The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of

Neuromuscular disorders impair lung function primarily because of

Sepsis has been recently redefined as

After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor

What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells?

Pelvic floor muscle training is appropriate for

Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock?

Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States.

The most common presenting sign/symptom with rheumatic fever is

In the acute phase of stroke, treatment is focused on

Sudden, severe testicular pain is indicative of

A patient who has difficulty walking without assistance is incontinent of urine when help doesn’t get to her quickly enough. The term for this type of incontinence is

Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions, because

Premature infants are at greater risk for developing

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature throughout the body.

A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is called the _____ stage.

The expected treatment of a pregnant woman with hyperemesis gravidarum is

Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including

Following a bone fracture, the most likely event to occur is

Cervical cancer can be detected in the early, curable stage by the ________ test.

An increase in the resting membrane potential (hyperpolarized) is associated with

A level of ____ on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates likely fatal damage.

Which complication of asthma is life threatening?

Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ________ rate.

The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis involves

The chief pathologic features of osteoarthritis are

A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of

New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration.

The patient who requires the most careful monitoring for development of metabolic acidosis is a patient who

Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?

The most helpful laboratory value in monitoring the progression of declining renal function is

Osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus control the release of

Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves

Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure.

A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of

Upper extremity weakness in association with degeneration of CNS neurons is characteristic of

The nurse provides teaching regarding dietary intake of potassium to avoid an electrolyte imbalance when a patient

Infection can lead to bladder stone formation.

The microorganism that causes the vast majority of urinary tract infections is

Cystic fibrosis is associated with

Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring?

The goal of long term heparin for the management of a deep vein thrombosis is to

The progressive stage of hypovolemic shock is characterized by

Metaplasia is

Growth hormone-deficient infants would display

The earliest manifestation of scleroderma is

The person at highest risk of a greenstick fracture from falling off a tall ladder is age

Carbon monoxide injures cells by

A person who overuses magnesium-aluminum antacids for a long period of time is likely to develop

The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells is

The risk for contrast media–induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is highest in

The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is

Clinical manifestations of moderate to severe hypokalemia include

In general, a cancer cell that is more tissue-specific differentiated is more likely to be aggressive.

Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with

Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation?

An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with

The increased anterior-posterior chest diameter associated with obstructive lung disease is caused by

The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is

Dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson disease, because they

The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the

Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is

One of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease is

Activation of parasympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause

Slow pain sensation is transmitted primarily by

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

The primary cause of infant respiratory distress syndrome is

Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries, which is because of

0 / 0.05 ptsA patient who reports an intestinal fistula also reports feeling “weak and dizzy” when she stands. While taking her blood pressure she becomes temporarily unresponsive but quickly regains consciousness when put into a supine position. What nursing interventions will the nurse implement before calling the physician?

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

Glomerular disorders include

Sexual impotence is rarely because of

The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse. Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician?

Rheumatoid arthritis is commonly associated with the presence of rheumatoid factor autoantibodies in the bloodstream. This indicates that rheumatoid arthritis is likely to be

The most commonly ordered diagnostic test for evaluation of the urinary system is

Empyema is defined as an

A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is

Which electrolyte imbalances cause increased neuromuscular excitability?

What is necessary for red blood cell production?

A disease that is native to a particular region is called

________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.

A risk factor for osteoporosis is

The arterial oxygen content (CaO₂) for a patient with PaO₂ 100 mm Hg, SaO₂ 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL.

A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is

The most common cause of urinary obstruction in male newborns and infants is urethral valves.

Ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by

Aortic regurgitation is associated with

The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with

Pneumocystitis is a term that refers to a

Inflammation of the sacs that overlie bony prominences is called

A patient with flail chest will demonstrate

Effects of hypernatremia on the central nervous system typically include

C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is

A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for

The prognosis of penile carcinoma depends upon the stage of the disease.

A cause of thrombocytopenia includes

The majority of penile cancer cases are classified as basal cell carcinoma.

First-degree heart block is characterized by

Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?

A breast lump that is painless, hard, and unmoving is most likely

A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to

Paget’s disease is characterized by

Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of

A known cause of hypokalemia is

The physiologic mechanisms involved in the pain phenomenon are termed

Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina.

All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except

A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient’s symptomology is most likely related to

Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause

The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by

A primary laboratory finding in end-stage chronic renal disease is

Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?

Which statement is true about the incidence of multiple sclerosis?

A tool used to assess levels of consciousness is

In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with

The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is

The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dL for adults with diabetes.

Compartment syndrome occurs secondary to

Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it

A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the vasomotor center is cardiogenic.

The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with

The most commonly recognized outcome of hypertension is pulmonary disease.

Intracranial pressure normally ranges from ______ mm Hg.

A patient presenting with a severe, pounding headache accompanied by nausea and photophobia is likely experiencing a ________ headache.

Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with

A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is

Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in

Risk factors for atherosclerosis include

Renal insufficiency occurs when _____ of the nephrons are not functional.

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from

Urinary retention with consistent or intermittent dribbling of urine is called

Peripheral edema is a result of

An example of an acyanotic heart defect is

The primary effect of aging on all body systems is

A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is

In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?

The greatest risk factor for bladder cancer is

Prerenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls, but can be administered to girls as young as _____ years of age.

A 3-year-old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis. What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment?

A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is

Venous obstruction leads to edema because it ________ pressure.

Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of

Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which

A 52-year-old female had a surgical procedure in which the breast, lymphatics, and underlying muscle were removed. The procedure performed was a

Excessive vomiting in pregnant women is known as

Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of

Airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis is because of

It is true that epidural bleeding is

A primary effector cell of the type I hypersensitivity response is

What compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume?

Cryptorchidism is

A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival. Which response is correct?

A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of

Which causes vasoconstriction?

To best prevent emphysema, a patient is instructed to stop smoking since cigarette smoke

The condition in which the urethra opens on the dorsal aspect of the penis is known as

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually managed with volume expansion and blood pressure support to enhance cerebral perfusion. This is necessary because subarachnoid hemorrhage predisposes to

A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is

It is true that biliary cancer

Obstructive disorders are associated with

Which clinical manifestation is not likely the result of a tuberculosis infection?

A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient’s blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

A 5-year-old patient’s parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk as a result of pain. The child’s most likely diagnosis is

The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis.

The most frequent initial symptom of bladder cancer is

Most sensory afferent pain fibers enter the spinal cord by way of the ________ nerve roots.

In the United States, nearly ________ people have diabetes mellitus.

Pain in fibromyalgia involves

What reproductive tract disorder is most likely to be associated with urinary stress incontinence?

While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding?

The imbalance that occurs with oliguric renal failure is

Enteropathic arthritis is associated with

A common component of renal calculi is

Which alterations can lead to edema?

While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is

The only known curative treatment for CML is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor.

Ankylosing spondylitis causes

Copious amounts of foul-smelling sputum are generally associated with

In general, a cancer cell that is more tissue-specific differentiated is more likely to be aggressive.

The ________ is the level of painful stimulation required to be perceived.

Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with

“Please explain the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis to me,” says another nurse. “Is it just wear and tear so that the cartilage wears out?” Your best response is

Which group is at the highest risk for urinary tract infection?

A patient with a productive cough and parenchymal infiltrates on x-ray is demonstrating symptomology of

Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they

The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is

A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy, and symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of

Endometriosis is a condition in which

A common characteristic of viral pneumonia is

The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is

If an individual has a fully compensated metabolic acidosis, the blood pH is

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is

The hypersensitivity reaction that does not involve antibody production is type

The most common source of osteomyelitis is

The inward-pulling force of particles in the vascular fluid is called _____ pressure.

________ occurs when a brainstem impaired patient exhibits a persistent rhythmic or jerky movement in one or both eyes.

The prevalence of high blood pressure is higher in

Vesicoureteral reflux is associated with

The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is

If acute tubular necrosis (ATN) does not resolve and continued tubular dysfunction ensues, the patient will then experience

In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of

A change occurring in a pregnant woman that is indicative of a potential disorder is

A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience

Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class?

Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ________ in the urine.

It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones

Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by

An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to

A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of

Excessive vomiting in pregnant women is known as

Manifestations of acute brain ischemia (Cushing reflex) are due primarily to

Infection by ________ accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis.

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

Absence of menstruation is called

Barrett esophagus is a

A malignant bone-forming tumor is referred to as a(n)

Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as

The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is

A patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. The lung sounds are absent on one side. This patient is experiencing ________ shock.

Emesis causes

A patient diagnosed with chronic compensated heart failure reports that, “My feet swell if I eat salt but I don’t understand why” The nurse’s best response is

A major risk factor for the development of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease is

The patient reports persistent pelvic pain and urinary frequency and urgency. She says the pain improves when she empties her bladder. She does not have a fever and her repeated urinalyses over the past months have been normal, although she has a history of frequent bladder infections. She also has a history of fibromyalgia and hypothyroidism. Based on her history and complaints, her symptoms are characteristic of

The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is

Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease.

Bacterial pneumonia leads to hypoxemia caused by

Pulse pressure is defined as

One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is

Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after __________ procedures.

Prosthetic joint infection is most often because of

An early indicator of colon cancer is

A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of

What problem is a patient likely to experience in end-stage renal disease?

Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension.

Which condition is associated with an elevated reticulocyte count?

The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of

Left-sided heart failure is characterized by

The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is

Which type of leukemia primarily affects children?

Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following?

Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by

What is the effect on resistance if the radius of a vessel is halved?

Muscular dystrophy includes a number of muscle disorders that are

Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of

When preparing for the admission of a client diagnosed with bronchiectasis, the nurse will

The displacement of two bones in which the articular surfaces partially lose contact with each other is called

Widespread atelectasis, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and diffuse, fluffy alveolar infiltrates on chest radiograph are characteristic of

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in

Diabetes insipidus is a condition that

The most important determinant for prescribing therapy for acute stroke is

A patient diagnosed with diabetes, smokes a pack of cigarettes daily and eats very few green leafy vegetables. After experiencing a fractured toe, this patient is at risk for

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

Allostasis is best defined as

Rheumatoid arthritis involves joint inflammation caused by

Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from

Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to

The dementia of Alzheimer disease is associated with structural changes in the brain, including

Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by

Causes of metabolic acidosis include

It is true that gallstones are