PATHO FINAL Flashcards

Your patient's red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by what?

All of data that you need to gather before making a diagnosis, what factors need to be considered?

Aldosterone may increase during stress, leading to..... Select all that apply

Chronic activation of stress hormones can lead to..... (Select all that apply)

Bacteria cause injury to cells by which mechanisms. (Select all that apply)

Viruses differ from most bacteria in that they act in which of the following ways? ( Select all that apply)

Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene

Side effects of chemotherapy include.... (select all that apply)

Which viruses are associated with human cancers? ( select all that apply)

RhoGAM is given to an Rh-negative mother in order to prevent.... WHAT

The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is

Secondary immune deficiency problems may be caused by which of the following? (select all that apply)

What Diseases are due to type IV hypersensitivity? ( select all that apply)

Which form of leukemia demonstrate the presence of Philadelphia chromosome?

Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with... WHAT ?

CML symptom's

Which clinical findings describe the typical presentation of ALL ? (select all that apply)

A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristics of which type of anemia ?

The cause of the most common form of anemia is what ???

Anemia related to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency is characterized by what laboratory features? All that apply

Regarding iron deficiency anemia, what laboratory features are typically decreased? (select all that apply)

The final step in clot formation is.... what?

Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by... what?

The megakaryocyte is a precursor to.... what?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be treated with heparin therapy to do what ??

A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs.. what?

What is involved in the release of plasminogen activators? ( select all that apply)

Diseases may be associated with a bleeding problem? (select all that apply)

Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation?

Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?

The pain characteristics of chronic venous insufficiency. ( select all that apply)

High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle because it increases what??

High blood pressure increases the risk of which conditions?

Atherosclerosis puts a patient at risk for which of the following problems? ( select all that apply)

Orthostatic hypotension is a risk factor for which conditions? ( select all that apply)

Primary treatment for myocardial infarction is directed at

Patient's presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with:

Aortic regurgitation is associated with

Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called ____ angina

Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to:

Acute coronary syndrome in the presence of thrombosis may present with which manifestations? ( select all that apply)

Diagnostic tests used to diagnose or confirm MI include which of the following? (select all that apply)

First degree heart block is characterized by... what?

A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) This pt is most likely described as an .... what?

The most common causes of heart failure include which of the following? ( select all that apply)

A patient experiencing shock may exhibit which signs and symptoms? (select all that apply)

Anaphylactic shock signs and symptoms in a patient? (select all that apply )

Septic shock is commonly associated with Gram-negative infections and Gram positive organisms that enter the body through which body systems? (select all that apply)

Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries because of ... what?

Chronic bronchitis often leads to cor pulmonale because of what???

Cystic fibrosis is associated with what??

Croup is characterized by... what ??

COPD leads to a barrel chest, because it causes... ?

Characteristics of asthma? (select all that apply)

The hallmark manifestations of acute respiratory distress syndrome is .... what ?

Empyema is defined as an... what ?

A major cause of treatment failure in tuberculosis is... what?

Bacteria pneumonia leads to hypoxemia caused by... what?

A common characteristic of viral pneumonia is... what?

Which alteration can lead to edema?

Hypernatremia may be caused by what?

Clinical manifestations of moderate to severe hypokalemia include.. what?

A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of what??

Acid that kidneys unable to excrete?

Vomiting of stomach contents or continuous nasogastric suctioning may predispose to development of ... what?

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by... what ?

Diarrhea causes... what?

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in... what?

A patient is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis. What s/s should you anticipate in your assessment?

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is... what?

Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of _____ in the urine

One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is ... what

Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because ??

Risk factors for renal carcinoma? (all that apply)

Manifestations of acute pyelonephritis? ( all that apply)

The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by... what?

Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end stage renal disease because of ???

A pt with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as the nephrons progressively deteriorate because?

The most helpful laboratory value in the monitoring the progression of declining renal function is... what ?

The most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is ??

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by what

Anemia in people how have end stage chronic renal disease is caused by what ?

Signs of chronic renal failure? (select all that apply)

The diet for a pt with chronic kidney disease should include which of the following ( select all that apply)

A patient missed two dialysis sessions. What conditions will the pt likely demonstrate?

Group with highest risk for UTI

A ureterocele is what ?

The greatest risk factor for bladder cancer is what??

Vesicoureteral reflux is associated with... what?

Which situations increase the risk of urge incontinence

Characteristics of cystitis ?

Cystitis symptoms? All that apply

Cryptorchidism is ... what?

A progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling or urine and difficulty initiating the urinary stream are characteristics of what?

Which medication classes does the nurse educate men on for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED)? All that apply

Medications can be prescribed for the treatment of premature ejaculation? select all that apply

Causes of male infertility ( select all that apply)

Uterine prolapse is cause by relaxation of what ?

Endometriosis is a condition in ... what ?